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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

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Making remembering more memorable.

Marcus L Leppanen1, Keith B Lyle1

  • 1a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA.

Memory (Hove, England)
|January 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Remembering past remembering is crucial. Reminding participants of original cues during memory tests significantly improved memory for prior retrieval, even with context changes.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Memory retrieval is a fundamental cognitive process.
  • The ability to remember prior retrieval events (memory for remembering) is susceptible to forgetting.
  • Contextual changes during retrieval can impair subsequent memory for that retrieval event.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether reminding participants of original study cues can mitigate the negative impact of context change on memory for prior remembering.
  • To examine the effectiveness of different reminding strategies (retrieval vs. viewing) on memory for remembering.

Main Methods:

  • Participants studied target words with related cues.
  • On a first test, targets were retrieved using either original or changed cues.
Keywords:
Memory for prior rememberingcontextcued recallreminding

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  • On a second test, participants retrieved targets and judged if they were retrieved previously, with some participants being reminded of original cues.

    • Main Results:

    • As expected, cue change on the first test reduced memory for prior retrieval.
    • Reminding participants of the original study cues during the first test significantly lessened the detrimental effect of cue change.
    • Self-generating the cue during reminding was particularly effective.

    Conclusions:

    • Context changes negatively impact memory for prior remembering.
    • Reminding participants of original cues can enhance memory for remembering, making retrieval events more memorable despite contextual shifts.
    • This highlights the role of contextual reinstatement in strengthening meta-memory.