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Types of Trauma and Self-Reported Pain That Limits Functioning in Different-Aged Cohorts
Ginny Sprang1, Heather M Bush1, Ann L Coker1
1University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.
Journal of Interpersonal Violence
|January 4, 2018
Summary
Childhood and adult trauma significantly increase the risk of chronic pain, especially when multiple types of abuse occur. Early intervention is crucial to mitigate lifelong health impacts from trauma exposure.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Psychology
- Sociology
Background:
- Trauma exposure, including childhood physical abuse (CPA) and child sexual abuse (CSA), is linked to long-term mental and physical health issues.
- Research indicates a dose-response relationship between trauma severity and adverse health outcomes.
- Understanding the impact of combined trauma types is essential for comprehensive health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between combinations of childhood and adult trauma exposures and pain resulting in functional limitations among women.
- To determine if cumulative trauma exposure increases the likelihood and/or reduces the age of onset of limiting pain.
Main Methods:
- Large cross-sectional analysis of women in a statewide health registry.
- Statistical analysis of pain prevalence rates (PRs) and adjusted prevalence rate ratios (aPRRs) based on trauma history (CPA, CSA, adult violence).
- Examination of the relationship between trauma combinations and the age of pain symptom onset.
Main Results:
- Women reporting multiple forms of violence (CPA, CSA, adult violence) had the highest pain prevalence (43.3%, aPRR = 2.06).
- Women reporting CPA or CSA without adult violence had intermediate pain prevalence (37.0%, aPRR = 1.76).
- Women reporting adult violence only showed a lower prevalence (27.1%, aPRR = 1.29) compared to those with no violence (20.7%).
- The impact of trauma on chronic pain was most pronounced in individuals reporting limiting pain at younger ages.
Conclusions:
- Combinations of childhood and adult trauma significantly increase the risk of functionally limiting pain in women.
- The cumulative effect of multiple trauma types exacerbates pain and leads to earlier symptom onset.
- Identifying combined trauma exposures across the lifespan and implementing early interventions are critical for reducing the health burden of trauma.
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