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The principle of virtual work states that if a body is in static and dynamic equilibrium, then the sum of all the virtual work done by all external forces and couple moments for any given virtual displacement must be zero.
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The principle of virtual work is an essential concept in the field of mechanics and engineering. This is used to solve problems related to the equilibrium of a structure or system. It is based on the assumption that if a system is in equilibrium, the work done by all the forces during a virtual displacement is zero. This principle is applied by considering virtual displacements of the system and the corresponding work done by internal and external forces.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Switchable Acoustic and Optical Resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy for In Vivo Small-animal Blood Vasculature Imaging
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Implementation of a Virtual Microphone Array to Obtain High Resolution Acoustic Images.

Alberto Izquierdo1, Juan J Villacorta2, Lara Del Val3

  • 1Signal Theory and Communications Department, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain. alberto.izquierdo@tel.uva.es.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created a large virtual microphone array using a smaller physical array and a positioning system. This virtual array achieved high-resolution acoustic imaging, enabling detailed visualization of objects like a mannequin.

Keywords:
MEMS microphoneshigh resolution acoustic imagesvirtual array

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Signal Processing
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Digital MEMS microphones and FPGA systems enable cost-effective sensor arrays.
  • Scaling to thousands of sensors presents significant implementation challenges.
  • Virtual arrays offer a potential solution for large-scale acoustic sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the implementation and performance of a large virtual microphone array.
  • To evaluate the beampattern, focusing capacity, and imaging capabilities of the virtual array.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of high-resolution acoustic imaging with virtual arrays.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented a virtual array of 6400 MEMS microphones by repositioning an 8x8 physical array.
  • Utilized a 2D positioning system to achieve a 1x1 m² array spatial aperture.
  • Applied SOund Detection And Ranging (SODAR) principles for analysis.
  • Analyzed beampattern and focusing using beamforming algorithms with spherical wave assumptions.
  • Acquired acoustic images of a mannequin at various frequencies and ranges.

Main Results:

  • Successfully implemented and characterized an 80x80 virtual MEMS microphone array.
  • Demonstrated effective focusing capabilities consistent with SODAR principles.
  • Achieved high angular resolution in acoustic imaging.
  • Successfully identified distinct body parts of the mannequin in acoustic images.

Conclusions:

  • Virtual microphone arrays are a viable method for creating large-scale acoustic sensing systems.
  • This approach enables high-resolution acoustic imaging suitable for object identification.
  • The findings support the use of virtual arrays in applications requiring detailed acoustic visualization.