Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 16, 2026
08:53
Flow-sorting and Exome Sequencing of the Reed-Sternberg Cells of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
Published on: June 10, 2017
10.5K
Clinicopathologic consensus study of gray zone lymphoma with features intermediate between DLBCL and classical HL
Monika Pilichowska1, Stefania Pittaluga2, Judith A Ferry3
1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA.
Blood Advances
|January 4, 2018
Summary
Accurate diagnosis of gray zone lymphoma (GZL) is challenging, with only 38% of cases confirmed. Hypoalbuminemia predicts poor prognosis, while CHOP±R therapy improves progression-free survival in GZL patients.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Pathology
Background:
- Gray zone lymphoma (GZL) presents diagnostic challenges due to overlapping features with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
- Establishing a definitive diagnosis, prognosis, and optimal therapy for GZL remains complex.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish a consensus diagnosis for GZL through central pathology review.
- To evaluate the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and prognostic factors of confirmed GZL cases.
Main Methods:
- Central pathology review of 68 cases initially diagnosed as GZL from 15 North American academic centers.
- Morphological and immunohistochemical analysis (CD20, PAX5, BCL6, MUM1, CD30, EBV) to confirm GZL diagnosis.
- Retrospective analysis of clinical data, including treatment and survival outcomes.
Main Results:
- Only 38% (26/68) of cases were confirmed as GZL upon central review; 42 cases were reclassified into other lymphoma subtypes.
- Confirmed GZL cases more frequently presented with mediastinal disease (69%) compared to reclassified cases (41%).
- Confirmed GZL had a 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) of 39% and overall survival (OS) of 95%. Hypoalbuminemia was a negative prognostic factor (3-year PFS 12%), while CHOP±R therapy improved 3-year PFS (70%).
Conclusions:
- Accurate diagnosis of GZL is difficult and requires expert pathological review.
- Prognosis in GZL is influenced by factors such as hypoalbuminemia and treatment regimen.
- Improved diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies are needed for GZL.
Related Concept Videos
02:29Hybrid Zones
22.0K
Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.
22.0K
01:18Classical Conditioning
2.6K
Associative learning, a core principle in behavioral psychology, involves forming connections between events and facilitating learned responses. This concept is vividly illustrated by classical conditioning, a process extensively studied by the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov's pioneering research on dogs' digestive systems led to the discovery that behaviors can be learned through association, laying the groundwork for classical conditioning.
Ivan Pavlov observed that dogs...
Ivan Pavlov observed that dogs...
2.6K
01:25The Intermediate Value Theorem
306
The Intermediate Value Theorem is a foundational result in calculus that guarantees the existence of solutions within certain intervals for continuous functions. Formally, the Intermediate Value Theorem states that if a function f is continuous on the closed interval [a, b], and if N is any value between f(a) and f(b), then there exists at least one c ∈ (a, b) such that f(c) = N. This theorem is instrumental in proving the existence of roots and in analyzing the behavior of continuous...
306
01:16Zones of Protection
821
In power systems, the entire setup is divided into protective zones to isolate faults and protect the rest of the network. These zones include generators, transformers, buses, transmission lines, distribution lines, and motors. Each zone can be visualized as a separate room in a house, with each room protected by its own circuit breaker.
Protective zones are defined by closed dashed lines, containing one or more components. A key characteristic of these zones is the strategic placement of...
Protective zones are defined by closed dashed lines, containing one or more components. A key characteristic of these zones is the strategic placement of...
821
01:35Disassembly of Intermediate Filaments
2.7K
Intermediate filaments (IFs) do not undergo spontaneous disassembly. Enzymes, kinases, and phosphatases add and remove phosphates from specific sites to regulate their disassembly. The IF concentration in the cytoplasm also regulates the disassembly. If the concentration crosses a threshold, it activates the protein kinases in the vicinity, allowing the phosphorylation of IFs.
Keratin proteins, found at the cell periphery near cell junctions, undergo a cycle of assembly and disassembly. In Type...
Keratin proteins, found at the cell periphery near cell junctions, undergo a cycle of assembly and disassembly. In Type...
2.7K
01:31Types of Intermediate Filaments
5.0K
The intermediate filaments are an essential component of the cytoskeleton. Presently six types of intermediate filament have been identified. Type I and II are acidic and basic keratin proteins. Type III is of mesodermal origin and comprises four proteins: vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and peripherin. Vimentin is commonly found in mesenchymal cells, desmin in muscle cells, GFAP in astrocytes, while peripherin is found in peripheral nervous system neurons (PNS). Type...
5.0K