Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

16
Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
16
Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

2.3K
When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
2.3K
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

18
Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
18
Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity01:25

Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity

16
Bioactivation is a metabolic process that transforms less reactive substances into highly reactive metabolites, initiating tissue toxicity. This transformation can lead to various toxic effects, including carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Reactive metabolites are classified into two main types: electrophiles and free radicals.Electrophiles are electron-deficient species and are produced primarily by the enzyme cytochrome P-450 during the metabolism of compounds containing carbon, nitrogen, or...
16
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

18
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
18
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

21
Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
21

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Do We Really Care About Our Children's School Safety? The Proof Is in the Pudding.

WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin·2026
Same author

Can You Properly Manage Delusional Parasitosis?

Innovations in clinical neuroscience·2025
Same author

Resurgence of polio and the path to eradication.

Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH·2025
Same author

Babesiosis - An Unseen Epidemic.

WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin·2025
Same author

When Suicidality Is Suspected.

Southern medical journal·2025
Same author

Firearm Shootings: A Serious Public Health Issue.

Southern medical journal·2025
Same journal

The Five Essential Concepts of Developmental Medicine: A Medical Paradigm for People with Developmental Disabilities.

Southern medical journal·2026
Same journal

α-Gal Syndrome in the South: Why We Need Treatment Trials, Not Just Tick Prevention.

Southern medical journal·2026
Same journal

Association between Main Pancreatic Duct Size, Comorbidities, and Fistula Formation after Whipple Procedure for Pancreatic Cancer.

Southern medical journal·2026
Same journal

Impact of Temperature Variation on Patients with Acute Severe Asthma.

Southern medical journal·2026
Same journal

Assessing the Accuracy and Reliability of ChatGPT-4 to Answer Clinical EHR Messages in Sports Medicine.

Southern medical journal·2026
Same journal

Diagnostic Utility and Clinical Implications of Inpatient Fecal Occult Blood Testing.

Southern medical journal·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
10:44

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System

Published on: May 24, 2017

12.2K

E-Cigarette Toxicity?

Gulay Tegin1, Hema Madhuri Mekala1, Simrat Kaur Sarai1

  • 1From the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.

Southern Medical Journal
|January 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are increasingly popular but pose potential health risks. Long-term health consequences of e-cigarette aerosol exposure remain unknown, necessitating caution.

More Related Videos

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol
09:30

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol

Published on: January 18, 2018

9.0K
Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System
06:07

Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System

Published on: October 22, 2020

7.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
10:44

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System

Published on: May 24, 2017

12.2K
A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol
09:30

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol

Published on: January 18, 2018

9.0K
Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System
06:07

Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System

Published on: October 22, 2020

7.7K

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Toxicology
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Tobacco smoking is a leading preventable cause of death and disease.
  • Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have rapidly gained popularity, particularly among young people.
  • A common misconception is that e-cigarettes are safe for use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential toxicities associated with inhaled e-cigarette aerosols.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness and risks of e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation tool.
  • To inform healthcare providers about the current understanding of e-cigarette risks.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on e-cigarette aerosol composition and toxicity.
  • Analysis of data regarding e-cigarette use patterns and health outcomes.
  • Synthesis of evidence on the role of e-cigarettes in smoking cessation.

Main Results:

  • E-cigarette aerosols contain numerous potentially toxic substances.
  • The long-term safety of inhaling e-cigarette aerosols is currently unknown.
  • E-cigarettes are not uniformly successful in aiding tobacco smoking cessation and carry their own risks.

Conclusions:

  • While potentially less harmful than traditional tobacco, prolonged e-cigarette use poses considerable risks.
  • The long-term health consequences of e-cigarette use require further investigation.
  • Healthcare professionals should strongly advise against e-cigarette and tobacco use, especially for youth, pregnant, and lactating individuals.