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Related Concept Videos

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

23
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
23
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

22
Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
22
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

20
Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
20
Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types01:27

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

16
Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...
16
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

20
Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
20
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems01:11

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

24
Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...
24

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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Measuring Deformability and Red Cell Heterogeneity in Blood by Ektacytometry
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Measuring Deformability and Red Cell Heterogeneity in Blood by Ektacytometry

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Red Blood Cells as Smart Delivery Systems.

Xiao Han1, Chao Wang2, Zhuang Liu1

  • 1Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , China.

Bioconjugate Chemistry
|January 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Red blood cells (erythrocytes) show promise as drug delivery systems due to their biocompatibility and circulation. Researchers are developing novel red blood cell-based systems for diverse biomedical applications, moving towards clinical use.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are the most abundant blood cells.
  • RBCs possess favorable properties for drug delivery, including biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, flexibility, and long circulation times.
  • Traditional drug delivery systems face challenges that RBC-based systems may overcome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest advancements in red blood cell-based drug delivery systems.
  • To highlight diverse biomedical applications of these novel systems.
  • To discuss the transition of RBC drug delivery technologies from preclinical to clinical stages.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of genetically engineered RBCs.
  • Development of nongenetically engineered RBCs.
  • Utilization of RBC membrane-coated nanoparticles for drug delivery.

Main Results:

  • Successful preclinical results demonstrate the potential of RBC-based drug delivery.
  • Various RBC-based strategies have been investigated for targeted therapies.
  • Emerging techniques show promise for clinical translation.

Conclusions:

  • Red blood cell-based drug delivery systems offer a promising alternative to traditional methods.
  • Continued research and development are advancing RBC drug carriers towards clinical applications.
  • These smart delivery systems hold significant potential for various biomedical applications.