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Moral Reminders Do Not Reduce Symptom Over-Reporting Tendencies.

Isabella J M Niesten1, Wenke Müller1, Harald Merckelbach1

  • 1Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.

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Summary

Moral reminders before psychological testing do not effectively deter symptom over-reporting in patients. Further research should explore contextual and individual factors influencing honest reporting.

Keywords:
Cognitive dissonanceFeigningMoral licensing/cleansingMoral primesSelf-serving justificationsSymptom over-reporting

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Forensic Psychology

Background:

  • Symptom over-reporting can complicate accurate psychological assessment.
  • Deterrence strategies aim to promote honest reporting during testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if moral reminders can reduce symptom over-reporting in psychological evaluations.
  • To assess the efficacy of different moral priming techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Three studies were conducted involving individuals seeking ADHD treatment and general population samples.
  • Methods included moral priming via questionnaires and contracts, followed by symptom over-reporting measures like the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS).

Main Results:

  • Moral primes showed a non-significant trend towards reducing symptom over-reporting in one study.
  • No convincing evidence emerged across studies that moral cues effectively suppress symptom over-reporting.
  • Priming did not significantly affect over-reporting tendencies in simulated feigning conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Moral reminders are unlikely to be a practical clinical strategy for discouraging symptom over-reporting.
  • Future research should focus on contextual and individual difference factors influencing patient decision-making and honest reporting.