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Related Concept Videos

Impulse01:13

Impulse

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According to Newton’s second law of motion, the rate of change of the momentum of an object is the net external force acting on it. The total change in momentum between two timepoints thus depends on both the external force acting on it and the time over which it acts. Describing this mathematically, the total change of an object’s motion is proportional to the force vector and the time over which it is applied. This product is called impulse.
Additionally, it can be shown that the...
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COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids01:26

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
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Impulse Response01:17

Impulse Response

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The impulse response is the system's reaction to an input impulse. In an RC circuit, the voltage source is the input, and the capacitor's voltage is the output. The system's state and output response before and after input excitation are distinctly defined.
Kirchhoff's law forms an input signal equation, with the capacitor's current and voltage providing the output. Substituting the current and dividing by RC yields a differential equation. The output for an impulse input is the impulse...
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Lung Capacity01:47

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The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
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Principle of Impulse and Moment01:15

Principle of Impulse and Moment

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When one considers a rigid body undergoing a plane motion, which is essentially a blend of translational and rotational movement, the application of Newton's second law gives the formula for the translational movement of such a body. If this equation is multiplied by a time interval, dt, and then integrated over the limits of integration, it results in an equation that embodies the principle of linear impulse.
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Impulse-Momentum Theorem00:49

Impulse-Momentum Theorem

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The total change in the motion of an object is proportional to the total force vector acting on it and the time over which it acts. This product is called impulse, a vector quantity with the same direction as the total force acting on the object.
By writing Newton's second law of motion in terms of the momentum of an object and the external force acting on it, and simultaneously using the definition of the impulse vector, it can be shown that the total impulse on an object is equal to its...
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Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting
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Impulse oscillometry and spirometry exhibit different features of lung function in bronchodilation.

Youn Ho Sheen1, Hye Mi Jee2,3, Eun Kyo Ha2

  • 1a Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center , CHA University , Seoul , South Korea.

The Journal of Asthma : Official Journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma
|January 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Impulse oscillometry (IOS) and spirometry bronchodilator responses (BDRs) show poor agreement in children. IOS may offer additional insights into small airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma, complementing spirometry findings.

Keywords:
Asthmabronchodilator response test (BDR test)impulse oscillometry system (IOS)spirometry

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR) assessment is crucial for diagnosing and managing asthma.
  • Spirometry and impulse oscillometry (IOS) are common methods for BDR testing, but their results may not be interchangeable.
  • Small airway hyperresponsiveness is a key feature in pediatric asthma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify characteristics of children with small airway hyperresponsiveness.
  • To determine if IOS BDR provides supplementary information to spirometry BDR.
  • To evaluate the concordance between BDRs from IOS and spirometry in children with asthma or suspected asthma.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 592 children with asthma or suspected asthma undergoing both spirometric and oscillometric BDR.
  • Defined positive oscillometric BDR by changes in Rrs5 or Xrs5 beyond two standard deviations.
  • Defined positive spirometric BDR by a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) increase of ≥12%.

Main Results:

  • Low agreement was observed between spirometric and oscillometric BDRs.
  • 17.6% were positive for spirometric BDR only, 8.5% for oscillometric BDR only, and 8.3% for both.
  • Children positive for oscillometric BDR only were younger; those positive for both had more severe asthma indicators and poorer baseline lung function.

Conclusions:

  • There is low concordance between spirometry and IOS BDRs in children.
  • IOS may detect small airway hyperresponsiveness and add valuable clinical information in asthma management.
  • IOS can potentially provide complementary data to spirometry for a comprehensive assessment of pediatric asthma.