Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
Published on: August 25, 2014
The connection between neonatal jaundice and neurodevelopment later in life: a national birth cohort study
Won Seok Lee1, Ju Hee Kim2, Boeun Han3,4
1Department of Pediatrics, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
Background:
Elevated serum bilirubin in neonates may serve as an early indicator of later neurodevelopment after birth. This study examined the connection between neonatal jaundice requiring phototherapy and later neurodevelopment.
Methods:
This retrospective population-based cohort included 3,203,983 children born in Korea from 2009 to 2015, tracked from birth until December 2021 in Korea. Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 66-71 months of age were assessed using national child health screening data. Analyses controlled for confounders including sex, birth weight, prematurity, chromosomal abnormalities, congenital malformations, income, and infant feeding type. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were evaluated in six domains (gross motor, fine motor, cognition, language, social skills, and self-help) using the Korean Developmental Screening Test (K-DST). Effect of phototherapy duration on each domain was also examined.
Results:
A total of 1,004,385 neonates were included, of whom 121,366 (56.0% male) received phototherapy. Neonatal jaundice requiring phototherapy was significantly associated with abnormal outcomes in gross motor (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.087, 95% CI 1.049-1.127, P < 0.0001), cognition (aOR 1.045, 95% CI 1.013-1.077, P = 0.0052), and language (aOR 1.049, 95% CI 1.013-1.086, P = 0.0072). Longer phototherapy duration (≥ 5 days) was associated with abnormal outcomes in overall assessment and gross motor, fine motor, cognition, and language domains.
Conclusions:
Neonatal jaundice requiring phototherapy was associated with higher risk of abnormal neurodevelopment at age six, particularly in gross motor, cognition, and language domains. Prolonged phototherapy was also linked to adverse outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
Jaundice
Socioemotional Development during Infancy
Primary Temperament Types
Stella Chess...
Teratogenicity
Biological Influences on Intelligence
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...

