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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery
Published on: August 17, 2022
Virtual Preoperative Simulation for Excision of Spinal Tumors: Surgeon Processing of Medical Computer-Assisted Design
Jung Hwan Lee1, In Ho Han1, Byung Kwan Choi1
1Department of Neurosurgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
Abstract:
As medical computer-aided design (CAD) has improved, virtual 3-dimensional medical images have been gaining more easily without any special practice. These images can be applied to various clinical fields. This article illustrates virtual preoperative simulation for excision of spinal tumors using medical CAD software. The software was used directly by the surgeon. The process of virtual preoperative simulation for spinal tumor surgery was found to be not inordinately complicated. And, virtual simulation was helpful in determining surgical steps as well as understanding the surgical anatomy.
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