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The Relationship between Self-Reported Executive Functioning and Risk-Taking Behavior in Urban Homeless Youth.

Joshua Piche1, Jaeson Kaylegian2, Dale Smith3

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Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Homeless youth with lower self-reported executive functioning (EF) engage in more substance-related risk-taking behaviors. This study highlights EF as a potential target for interventions to support at-risk homeless youth.

Keywords:
executive functioninghomelessnessrisk behavioryouth

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Homeless youth face heightened risks for high-risk behaviors due to developmental vulnerabilities.
  • Adolescence is a critical period for prefrontal cortex development, impacting executive functions crucial for self-control.
  • Adversity from homelessness can impair executive functions like decision-making and inhibition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between self-reported executive function (EF) and risk-taking behaviors in urban homeless youth.
  • To determine if lower EF levels correlate with increased engagement in risky behaviors among this population.

Main Methods:

  • 149 homeless youths (18-22 years) from Chicago shelters participated.
  • Assessed executive function using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning-Adult Version (BRIEF-A).
  • Evaluated risk behaviors via the National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) and Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI).

Main Results:

  • A significant relationship was found between self-reported EF levels and risk-taking behaviors.
  • Youth with lower self-reported EF exhibited higher rates of substance-related risk-taking.
  • This is the first study to directly link executive control and risk-taking in homeless youth.

Conclusions:

  • Lower self-reported executive functioning is associated with increased substance-related risk-taking in homeless youth.
  • Identifying low EF as a contributing factor can inform targeted interventions.
  • Findings offer a pathway to provide focused support for at-risk homeless youth.