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Related Concept Videos

Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

30.1K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
30.1K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.5K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.5K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.7K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.7K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.5K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.5K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.3K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.3K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.5K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.5K

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Dimensionality-Driven Metal-Insulator Transition in Spin-Orbit-Coupled SrIrO_{3}.

P Schütz1, D Di Sante2, L Dudy1

  • 1Physikalisches Institut and Röntgen Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.

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Reducing strontium iridate (SrIrO3) film thickness induces a metal-insulator transition. This transition reveals mechanisms for unconventional superconductivity in related materials via electron doping.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Solid-state chemistry

Background:

  • Epitaxially stabilized strontium iridate (SrIrO3) ultrathin films exhibit complex electronic properties.
  • Spin-orbit coupling significantly influences the electronic behavior of iridates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the metal-insulator transition in SrIrO3 ultrathin films upon reduction of film thickness.
  • Identify the microscopic mechanisms driving this transition.
  • Explore potential pathways towards unconventional superconductivity.

Main Methods:

  • Epitaxial stabilization of SrIrO3 ultrathin films.
  • Experimental measurement of electronic dispersions.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at various complexity levels.

Main Results:

  • Observed a metal-insulator transition in SrIrO3 ultrathin films as thickness was reduced.
  • Identified dimensionality-induced readjustments in octahedral rotations, magnetism, and electronic correlations as key mechanisms.
  • Found a striking resemblance between the 2D limit band structure of SrIrO3 and bulk Sr2IrO4.

Conclusions:

  • The metal-insulator transition in SrIrO3 ultrathin films is driven by dimensionality effects.
  • The observed band structure similarity opens possibilities for achieving unconventional superconductivity.
  • Electric field gating offers a route for "clean" electron doping to induce superconductivity.