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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
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Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair

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The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
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Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Decreasing Function01:27

Decreasing Function

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A decreasing function describes a relationship where the output consistently declines as the input increases. This means that for any two input values, if one is greater than the other, the corresponding output is smaller. Mathematically, a function f is decreasing on an interval I if for every x1 < x2​ in I, f (x1) > f (x2). This type of behavior is visually identified on a graph that slopes downward from left to right.The nature of a function can be analyzed by calculating...
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Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

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Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
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Decrease in Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein as a Novel Biomarker to Predict Sepsis Among Systemic Inflammatory Response

Kosuke Kuroda1,2, Hidenori Wake2, Shuji Mori3

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.

Critical Care Medicine
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PubMed
Summary

Plasma histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) levels were lower in patients with sepsis and correlated with mortality. HRG demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy for sepsis compared to procalcitonin and presepsin in critically ill patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Sepsis diagnosis relies on biomarkers, but few are standardized.
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) is a critical condition requiring accurate diagnostic tools.
  • Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a potential biomarker whose utility in sepsis requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure plasma HRG levels in patients with SIRS.
  • To compare the diagnostic significance of HRG, procalcitonin, and presepsin as sepsis biomarkers.
  • To assess the relationship between HRG levels and mortality in SIRS patients.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted in an intensive care unit (ICU).
  • Plasma HRG levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 79 ICU patients and 16 healthy volunteers.
  • Statistical analyses, including receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and survival analysis, were performed.

Main Results:

  • HRG levels were significantly lower in SIRS patients compared to healthy controls (p=0.049).
  • Septic patients exhibited significantly lower HRG levels than non-infective SIRS patients (p<0.001).
  • Lower HRG levels were associated with increased mortality in SIRS patients (p<0.001), with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.97 for sepsis detection.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma HRG is a promising biomarker for sepsis diagnosis in critically ill patients.
  • HRG levels are significantly reduced in sepsis and correlate with mortality.
  • HRG demonstrated superior performance over procalcitonin and presepsin in identifying sepsis and predicting survival.