Anterior Segment Parameters in Patients With Wilson Disease

To investigate anterior segment parameters in patients with Wilson disease (WD).

In this cross-sectional study, 22 patients with WD (study group) and 22 healthy subjects (control group) were enrolled. Each participant underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic assessment including best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fundus examination, and intraocular pressure. Anterior segment parameters were measured by the Sirius anterior segment analyzer system (Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici, Florence, Italy).

Mean central corneal thickness was 522 ± 47 μm in the study group and 568 ± 37 μm in the control group (P < 0.001). Mean flat keratometry was 42.4 ± 1.7 diopter (D) in the study group and 41.5 ± 1.16 D in the control group (P = 0.011); mean steep keratometry was 43.4 ± 2.0 and 42.4 ± 1.4 D in the study and control groups, respectively (P = 0.025). The anterior corneal elevation value was 5.5 ± 3.2 μm in the study group and 4.08 ± 2.2 μm in the control group (P = 0.029); the mean posterior corneal elevation value was 15.1 ± 6.0 and 10.1 ± 4.1 μm in the study and control groups, respectively (P = 0.002). The mean anterior chamber depth was 2.97 ± 0.3 μm in the study group and 3.16 ± 0.3 μm in the control group (P = 0.01); the mean horizontal visible iris diameter was 11.9 ± 0.4 and 12.2 ± 0.4 μm in the study and control groups, respectively (P = 0.001).

This study indicates that patients with WD have differences in the anterior segment parameters including central corneal thickness, keratometric values, anterior and posterior elevations, horizontal visible iris diameter, and anterior chamber depth when compared with healthy controls.