Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

5.1K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.1K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

5.5K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
5.5K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

3.7K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
3.7K
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

1.1K
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
1.1K
Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

511
Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
511
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

2.4K
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same authorSame journal

ILC2s shoot 4 making 13s.

Science immunology·2026
Same author

Broad screening of inflammation-associated proteins identifies serum CCL19 as a novel biomarker of disease activity in IgG4-related disease.

Annals of the rheumatic diseases·2026
Same author

Development and initial validation of a brief measure of uncertainty in rheumatic disease.

Journal of health psychology·2026
Same author

Smart chains: Designer antibodies shaped by AI.

Science immunology·2025
Same author

A roadmap for defining "extrafollicular" B cell responses.

Immunity·2025
Same author

A LAGging kiss leaves T cells cold.

Science immunology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory
10:03

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory

Published on: February 28, 2013

26.6K

Getting with the program in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Cory Perugino1, Shiv Pillai2

  • 1Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Science Immunology
|January 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transcriptomic studies show that a faulty PD-L1 costimulation pathway contributes to the autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes mellitus. This finding helps explain the self-attacking immune cells characteristic of this condition.

More Related Videos

A Protocol for Constructing a Rat Wound Model of Type 1 Diabetes
05:18

A Protocol for Constructing a Rat Wound Model of Type 1 Diabetes

Published on: February 17, 2023

5.9K
A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
06:46

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

Published on: July 5, 2022

3.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 16, 2026

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory
10:03

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory

Published on: February 28, 2013

26.6K
A Protocol for Constructing a Rat Wound Model of Type 1 Diabetes
05:18

A Protocol for Constructing a Rat Wound Model of Type 1 Diabetes

Published on: February 17, 2023

5.9K
A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
06:46

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

Published on: July 5, 2022

3.4K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
  • The precise mechanisms driving the autoreactive immune response in type 1 diabetes remain incompletely understood.
  • Costimulatory pathways play a critical role in regulating immune cell activation and tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) costimulation in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
  • To identify molecular defects contributing to the autoreactive phenotype observed in type 1 diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptomic analysis of immune cells from patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
  • In vitro assays to assess PD-L1 mediated costimulation.
  • Comparison of gene expression profiles between diabetic and healthy individuals.

Main Results:

  • Transcriptomic data revealed significant defects in PD-L1 mediated costimulation in immune cells from type 1 diabetes patients.
  • These defects were associated with an autoreactive T-cell phenotype.
  • Specific gene expression patterns linked to impaired PD-L1 signaling were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Defective PD-L1 costimulation is a key factor contributing to the autoreactive immune response in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
  • Understanding these molecular defects offers potential therapeutic targets for type 1 diabetes.
  • Further research into PD-L1 pathway modulation may provide new treatment strategies.