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Post-treatment Apical Periodontitis: Histobacteriologic and Histopathologic Findings.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Inducing Apical Periodontitis in Mice
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Microbial Analysis of Endodontic Infections in Root-filled Teeth with Apical Periodontitis before and after

Homan Zandi1, Anne K Kristoffersen2, Dag Ørstavik3

  • 1Department of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Journal of Endodontics
|January 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study analyzed root canal bacteria in teeth with apical periodontitis before and after retreatment. Fusobacterium nucleatum ss. vincentii and Streptococcus species were the most prevalent bacteria found, regardless of irrigation solution used.

Keywords:
16S ribosomal RNA geneChlorhexidineendodontic retreatmentpost-treatment apical periodontitispyrosequencingsodium hypochlorite

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Endodontics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Post-treatment apical periodontitis in root-filled teeth indicates persistent infection.
  • Understanding the root canal microbiota is crucial for effective retreatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the bacterial composition of root canal microbiota in teeth with apical periodontitis.
  • To compare the microbiota before and after chemomechanical instrumentation and irrigation with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX).

Main Methods:

  • Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to identify bacteria.
  • Samples were collected from 10 root-filled teeth before (S1) and after (S2) retreatment.
  • Irrigation was performed using either 1% NaOCl or 2% CHX.

Main Results:

  • Pyrosequencing identified 125 bacterial species across 9 phyla.
  • Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla.
  • Fusobacterium and Streptococcus were the most prevalent genera, with Fusobacterium nucleatum ss. vincentii and Streptococcus species being the most common species.

Conclusions:

  • A high interindividual diversity of root canal microbiota was observed.
  • No significant difference in bacterial composition was found between NaOCl and CHX irrigation groups.
  • Fusobacterium nucleatum ss. vincentii and Streptococcus species persisted as the most prevalent bacteria during retreatment.