Chondroitin sulfate-stabilized silver nanoparticles: Improved synthesis and their catalytic, antimicrobial, and...

Herein, we describe an improved procedure for the green synthesis of chondroitin sulfate stabilized silver nanoparticles (ChS-AgNPs). Glucose was used as a reducing agent under alkaline conditions to obtain a small particle size (<10 nm), and the reduction was complete within one hour at room temperature. The concentration of NaOH affected the reaction rate, formation yield, and particle size of ChS-AgNPs. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed using UV-vis, TEM, XRD, and XPS. ChS-AgNPs showed excellent catalytic activities in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol by NaBH₄, and the reaction rate increased linearly with increasing catalyst amounts. The antimicrobial activities of ChS-AgNPs against A. baumannii (including multidrug-resistant strains), E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus were evaluated using the broth microdilution method. Finally, from the morphological observations and cell cycle analysis of L929 cells, we found that ChS-AgNPs exhibited antimicrobial and biocompatible activities.