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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Related Experiment Video

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Gait Analysis of Age-dependent Motor Impairments in Mice with Neurodegeneration
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Multiproteinopathy, neurodegeneration and old age: a case study.

Julio C Rojas1, Melanie L Stephens1, Gil D Rabinovici1

  • 1a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, USA.

Neurocase
|January 9, 2018
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Summary

Older adults often have mixed brain pathologies. Understanding Alzheimer's disease (AD) co-existence with other neurodegenerative diseases is crucial for developing new diagnostic biomarkers and therapies.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseasecorticobasal syndromefrontotemporal lobar degenerationmultiple proteinopathyneuropathology

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropathology
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Geriatric Medicine

Background:

  • Mixed brain pathologies are prevalent in the elderly, complicating diagnosis and treatment.
  • Late-onset neurodegenerative diseases often present with cognitive-behavioral syndromes.
  • Multiple proteinopathies can underlie these complex presentations.

Observation:

  • This case study highlights the difficulties in correlating clinical symptoms with pathological findings in aging brains with multiple diseases.
  • The co-existence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with other neurodegenerative conditions presents a significant challenge.

Findings:

  • The study emphasizes the need for research into the interactions between AD and non-AD pathologies in the aging brain.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to unraveling the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.

Implications:

  • Findings underscore the importance of studying co-existing pathologies for accurate diagnosis.
  • Further research can guide the development of targeted therapies for complex neurodegenerative disorders.
  • This work supports the advancement of diagnostic biomarkers for aging-related brain diseases.