Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Epidemiology01:26

Introduction to Epidemiology

2.0K
Epidemiology, known as the cornerstone of public health, involves studying the distribution and determinants of health-related events in defined populations and applying these insights to control health issues. This is essential for understanding how diseases spread, identifying populations at greater risk, and implementing measures to control or prevent outbreaks. Epidemiology addresses not only infectious diseases but also non-communicable conditions like cancer and cardiovascular disease,...
2.0K
Causality in Epidemiology01:21

Causality in Epidemiology

1.7K
Causality or causation is a fundamental concept in epidemiology, vital for understanding the relationships between various factors and health outcomes. Despite its importance, there's no single, universally accepted definition of causality within the discipline. Drawing from a systematic review, causality in epidemiology encompasses several definitions, including production, necessary and sufficient, sufficient-component, counterfactual, and probabilistic models. Each has its strengths and...
1.7K
Study Designs in Epidemiology01:20

Study Designs in Epidemiology

1.1K
Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
1.1K
Confounding in Epidemiological Studies01:27

Confounding in Epidemiological Studies

873
Confounding in statistical epidemiology represents a pivotal challenge, referring to the distortion in the perceived relationship between an exposure and an outcome due to the presence of a third variable, known as a confounder. This variable is associated with both the exposure and the outcome but is not a direct link in their causal chain. Its presence can lead to erroneous interpretations of the exposure's effect, either exaggerating or underestimating the true association. This...
873
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

1.4K
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
1.4K
Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data01:25

Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data

998
Epidemiological data primarily involves information on specific populations' occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and diseases. This data is crucial for understanding disease patterns and impacts, aiding public health decision-making and disease prevention strategies. The analysis of epidemiological data employs various statistical methods to interpret health-related data effectively. Here are some commonly used methods:
998

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The importance of studying sex and gender in cancer research: Why and how.

Cancer·2026
Same author

CT-derived optic nerve sheath diameter as a noninvasive proxy for intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury patients undergoing preoperative ICP monitoring: An institutional analysis and scoping review.

Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia·2026
Same author

Individualized prediction of brain metastasis risk in patients with breast cancer.

Journal of neuro-oncology·2026
Same author

Evaluating Privacy-Preserving Record Linkage in Merging Cancer Registry Data and Electronic Health Records.

Journal of registry management·2025
Same author

Solar ultraviolet radiation exposure, and incidence of childhood (0-19 years) malignant and non-malignant brain tumour in a US population-based dataset, 2000-2021.

European journal of epidemiology·2025
Same author

A framework for using DNA methylation-based modelling for the clinical management of cranial meningioma.

Neuro-oncology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

A Preclinical Murine Model of Hepatic Metastases
06:51

A Preclinical Murine Model of Hepatic Metastases

Published on: September 27, 2014

30.5K

Brain metastases: epidemiology.

Quinn T Ostrom1, Christina Huang Wright2, Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan1

  • 1Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|January 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Brain metastases (BM) are the most common central nervous system tumors in the US. Due to varied reporting, their exact frequency is unknown, but they significantly impact cancer patient prognosis.

Keywords:
brain metastasesepidemiologyincidencesurvival

More Related Videos

Modeling Brain Metastases Through Intracranial Injection and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
06:44

Modeling Brain Metastases Through Intracranial Injection and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: June 7, 2020

8.1K
Ultrasound Imaging-guided Intracardiac Injection to Develop a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Followed by Longitudinal MRI
08:36

Ultrasound Imaging-guided Intracardiac Injection to Develop a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Followed by Longitudinal MRI

Published on: March 6, 2014

19.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 16, 2026

A Preclinical Murine Model of Hepatic Metastases
06:51

A Preclinical Murine Model of Hepatic Metastases

Published on: September 27, 2014

30.5K
Modeling Brain Metastases Through Intracranial Injection and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
06:44

Modeling Brain Metastases Through Intracranial Injection and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: June 7, 2020

8.1K
Ultrasound Imaging-guided Intracardiac Injection to Develop a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Followed by Longitudinal MRI
08:36

Ultrasound Imaging-guided Intracardiac Injection to Develop a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Followed by Longitudinal MRI

Published on: March 6, 2014

19.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Cancer Research
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Brain metastases (BM) represent the most frequent primary tumors within the central nervous system in the United States.
  • Estimates regarding the incidence of BM exhibit considerable variability, largely attributed to the absence of a centralized national reporting system.
  • BM can manifest as an initial indicator of an undiagnosed malignancy or emerge years after the primary cancer diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of brain metastases incidence, origins, and clinical implications.
  • To highlight the increasing prevalence of BM in cancer survivors.
  • To underscore the challenges in treating BM and their associated poor prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing epidemiological data on brain metastases.
  • Analysis of trends in BM incidence based on primary cancer types.
  • Review of factors contributing to increased BM occurrence in cancer patients.

Main Results:

  • Lung, breast, and melanoma are the primary sources of brain metastases.
  • Improved cancer therapeutics and diagnostics contribute to a higher incidence of BM due to increased patient survival.
  • Brain metastases present significant treatment challenges and are associated with a generally poor prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Brain metastases are a significant clinical challenge, impacting a growing number of cancer patients.
  • Further research and improved reporting systems are needed to better understand and manage BM.
  • Despite advances in cancer care, BM diagnosis remains a critical factor in patient outcomes.