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Updated: Feb 16, 2026
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A Real-World High-Intensity Interval Training Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Improvement
Published on: February 22, 2022
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Change in Submaximal Cardiorespiratory Fitness and All-Cause Mortality
Louise de Lannoy1, Xuemei Sui2, Carl J Lavie3
1School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Mayo Clinic Proceedings
|January 9, 2018
Summary
Maintaining or improving submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness (sCRF) is linked to a lower risk of all-cause mortality. Adults who decreased their sCRF faced a higher mortality risk over the follow-up period.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Health
- Exercise Physiology
- Preventive Medicine
Background:
- Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a key indicator of health and longevity.
- Submaximal CRF (sCRF) offers a practical measure of cardiorespiratory health.
- Understanding the impact of changes in sCRF on mortality risk is crucial for public health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between changes in submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness (sCRF) and all-cause mortality risk in adults.
- To determine if maintaining or improving sCRF influences long-term survival.
- To assess the predictive value of sCRF changes for mortality.
Main Methods:
- A prospective cohort study involving 6106 men and women with a mean follow-up of 4.2 years.
- Submaximal CRF was assessed using heart rate response during a graded maximal treadmill test.
- Changes in sCRF were categorized into increased, stable, and decreased fitness levels.
Main Results:
- Adults who maintained or improved sCRF showed a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality compared to those with decreased sCRF.
- Hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were 0.60 for stable sCRF and 0.59 for increased sCRF (vs. decreased).
- The relationship between sCRF changes and mortality was significant after adjusting for common risk factors.
Conclusions:
- A simple 5-minute submaximal fitness test can identify individuals at different mortality risks.
- Maintaining or improving cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with reduced all-cause mortality.
- sCRF changes are a valuable, accessible marker for long-term health outcomes.
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