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Odorant Receptor Desensitization in Insects.

Hao Guo1, Dean P Smith1,2

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Journal of Experimental Neuroscience
|January 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insect odorant receptors, crucial for detecting humans, desensitize via dephosphorylation of the Orco subunit. This mechanism explains how these disease vectors adapt to chemical cues.

Keywords:
DrosophilaOlfactionadaptationcoreceptordesensitizationolfactoryphosphorylation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Entomology

Background:

  • Arthropod vectors transmit significant human diseases by detecting hosts via chemical senses.
  • Understanding insect olfaction is key to developing strategies against disease vectors.
  • Odorant detection in insects relies on odorant-gated ion channels involving Orco.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of odorant receptor desensitization in insects.
  • To identify the molecular basis for slow, odor-induced receptor desensitization in disease vectors.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated dephosphorylation of the Orco subunit at serine 289.
  • Assessed the effect of dephosphorylation on receptor localization and neuronal activation.
  • Examined odor-induced desensitization and its relation to neuronal activation.

Main Results:

  • Dephosphorylation of serine 289 on the Orco subunit is responsible for slow, odor-induced receptor desensitization.
  • Receptor protein localization is unaffected by dephosphorylation.
  • Neuronal activation, even without odor, can trigger dephosphorylation and desensitization.

Conclusions:

  • Identified a key molecular mechanism for odorant receptor modulation in insects.
  • Dephosphorylation of Orco is a critical component of insect olfactory adaptation.
  • A second messenger feedback mechanism is implicated in insect olfactory processing.