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Related Concept Videos

Blood Flow01:29

Blood Flow

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Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.
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Composition of Blood01:22

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The blood in our bodies comprises three major components: blood plasma, formed elements, and the extracellular matrix. Blood plasma is a yellowish fluid that constitutes 55% of the total blood volume. It is primarily made up of water and essential substances such as electrolytes and proteins. Blood plasma serves as a medium for transporting blood cells and also contains nutrients, enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and gases.
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Blood Types02:20

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Human blood is classified into different types based on the presence of antigens on the red blood cell's surface and antibodies in the plasma. Proper identification of blood type is essential for successful blood transfusion. The International Society of Blood Transfusion has identified 38 human blood types based on the surface antigens on the red blood cells. The most common types are ABO, Rh, and MNS blood types.
ABO blood group
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The ABO Blood Group01:12

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The ABO blood group system is a critical element of transfusion medicine, essential for determining blood compatibility in transfusions and organ transplants. It is based on specific antigens, or agglutinogens, present on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs) and corresponding antibodies, or agglutinins, in the blood plasma.
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Rh Blood Group01:19

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The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.
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Blood Typing01:10

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Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Evaluation of Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in the Rat Using Laser Doppler Flowmetry
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Evaluation of Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in the Rat Using Laser Doppler Flowmetry

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Lasing in blood.

Yu-Cheng Chen1, Qiushu Chen1, Xudong Fan1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1101 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.

Optica
|January 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We achieved the first Indocyanine green (ICG) laser emission in human blood. This breakthrough utilizes a novel optofluidic laser approach for enhanced bio-analysis sensitivity.

Keywords:
(140.2050) Dye lasers(140.4780) Optical resonators(170.0170) Medical optics and biotechnology(170.1470) Blood or tissue constituent monitoring(170.1610) Clinical applications(170.6280) Spectroscopyfluorescence and luminescence

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Optofluidics
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Indocyanine green (ICG) is the sole FDA-approved near-infrared dye for clinical use.
  • ICG binds to plasma proteins and lipoproteins, enhancing fluorescence.
  • Optofluidic lasers offer superior signal amplification, narrow linewidth, and high intensity compared to fluorescence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate Indocyanine green (ICG) lasing in human serum and whole blood.
  • To investigate the conditions and components critical for ICG laser emission.
  • To advance optofluidic laser applications in clinical diagnostics using FDA-approved dyes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic study of ICG laser emission in major serological components (albumins, globulins, lipoproteins).
  • Utilizing optofluidic laser technology with clinically relevant ICG concentrations.
  • Operating at pump intensities below clinically permissible levels.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of ICG lasing in human serum and whole blood.
  • Identification of critical factors and conditions enabling ICG laser emission.
  • Achieved lasing at clinically relevant concentrations and safe pump intensities.

Conclusions:

  • Optofluidic lasers can achieve lasing with Indocyanine green in human blood.
  • This technology offers potential for enhanced sensitivity and contrast in biomedical sensing and imaging.
  • Represents a significant step towards clinical translation of optofluidic lasers for diagnostics.