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How Electroencephalogram Reference Influences the Movement Readiness Potential?

Yuxia Hu1, Lipeng Zhang1, Mingming Chen1

  • 1Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Department of Automation, School of Electric Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.

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|January 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The reference electrode significantly impacts electroencephalogram (EEG) readiness potential (RP) waveforms and topographies. However, classification accuracy remains robust with appropriate channel selection, suggesting REST and CAR references are recommended for accurate RP analysis.

Keywords:
EEGcommon average reference (CAR)re-referencereadiness potential (RP)reference electrode standardization technique (REST)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Electrophysiology
  • Brain-Computer Interfaces

Background:

  • Readiness potential (RP) is a key electroencephalogram (EEG) signal reflecting motor preparation.
  • Previous research on RP has not systematically evaluated the impact of reference electrode placement.
  • The choice of reference electrode can influence EEG signal characteristics and interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of different reference electrode configurations on readiness potential (RP) analysis.
  • To compare RP waveforms, voltage topographies, and classification accuracy across vertex (Cz), common average reference (CAR), and reference electrode standardization technique (REST) references.
  • To provide recommendations for optimal reference selection in RP studies.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded EEG signals from 10 subjects performing a motor preparation task using an original vertex (Cz) reference.
  • Transformed the recorded EEG data to common average reference (CAR) and reference electrode standardization technique (REST) configurations.
  • Analyzed differences in RP waveform morphology, voltage topographies, and machine learning classification accuracy between the reference conditions.

Main Results:

  • Significant alterations in readiness potential (RP) waveform and voltage topography were observed across different reference electrode settings (Cz, CAR, REST).
  • Despite waveform changes, the classification accuracy of idle versus RP EEG segments showed less sensitivity to the reference, provided optimal channels were used as features.
  • The Cz reference, located near the motor cortex source of RP, showed distinct patterns compared to CAR and REST.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of reference electrode critically influences the observed readiness potential (RP) waveform and spatial distribution.
  • For accurate representation of RP waveforms and topographies, the use of Common Average Reference (CAR) or Reference Electrode Standardization Technique (REST) is recommended.
  • While reference choice affects signal appearance, classification tasks may be less impacted if feature selection is appropriate.