Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

6.6K
Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
6.6K
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

33.2K
Overview
33.2K
Reactivity of Enols01:18

Reactivity of Enols

4.2K
Enols are a class of compounds where a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon–carbon double bond, which implies that it is a vinyl alcohol. A carbonyl compound with an α hydrogen undergoes keto–enol tautomerism and remains in equilibrium with its tautomer, the enol form. Usually, the keto tautomer is present in a higher concentration than the enol tautomer due to the higher bond energy of C=O compared to C=C. Moreover, the direction of the keto–enol equilibrium is...
4.2K
Reactivity of Enolate Ions01:23

Reactivity of Enolate Ions

3.4K
Enolate ions are formed by the acid–base reaction of a carbonyl compound with a base. This leads to deprotonation of the α hydrogen atom, leading to a resonance-stabilized enolate ion where one of the contributing structures is an oxyanion, which imparts additional stability. Therefore, the proton on the α carbon is more acidic in nature than that of other sp3-hybridized C–H bonds but less acidic than those in O–H bonds where the negative charge in the conjugate...
3.4K
Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

2.8K
Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
2.8K
Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals01:16

Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals

2.7K
Radicals adjacent to electron-donating groups are called nucleophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with electrophilic alkenes. The SOMO–LUMO interactions are the driving force for the reaction, where the high-energy SOMO of the electron-rich, nucleophilic radicals interacts with the low-energy LUMO of the electron-deficient, electrophilic alkenes. Such SOMO–LUMO interactions are the basis of reactive radical traps, affecting the selectivity in radical reactions. For...
2.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Stressed bones and glioblastoma.

Cancer cell·2026
Same author

Astrocyte heterogeneity in brain metastases.

Molecular oncology·2026
Same author

Microsurgical Evacuation Efficacy and Functional Outcomes in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Type of Antithrombotic Therapy.

Neurosurgery·2026
Same author

Patient-derived resources for decoding and targeting brain metastases ecosystems.

EMBO molecular medicine·2026
Same author

Impact of infratentorial location on survival after surgical resection of brain metastases: a multicenter retrospective study.

Neuro-oncology advances·2026
Same author

Clinical Implementation and Oncological Relevance of Molecular Profiling in Brain Metastases Patients-A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

International journal of cancer·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Monitoring Astrocyte Reactivity and Proliferation in Vitro Under Ischemic-Like Conditions
15:08

Monitoring Astrocyte Reactivity and Proliferation in Vitro Under Ischemic-Like Conditions

Published on: October 21, 2017

10.6K

Reactive Astrocytes in Brain Metastasis.

David Wasilewski1, Neibla Priego1, Coral Fustero-Torre2

  • 1Brain Metastasis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.

Frontiers in Oncology
|January 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Brain metastasis, secondary cancer in the brain, is rising. Reactive astrocytes influence cancer cell survival, offering new therapeutic targets for brain metastasis treatment.

Keywords:
astrocyte signalingbrain metastasismetastases therapymicroenvironment heterogeneityreactive astrocytes

More Related Videos

Investigation of Spatial Interaction Between Astrocytes and Neurons in Cleared Brains
05:17

Investigation of Spatial Interaction Between Astrocytes and Neurons in Cleared Brains

Published on: March 31, 2022

2.9K
Intracarotid Cancer Cell Injection to Produce Mouse Models of Brain Metastasis
07:43

Intracarotid Cancer Cell Injection to Produce Mouse Models of Brain Metastasis

Published on: February 8, 2017

28.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Monitoring Astrocyte Reactivity and Proliferation in Vitro Under Ischemic-Like Conditions
15:08

Monitoring Astrocyte Reactivity and Proliferation in Vitro Under Ischemic-Like Conditions

Published on: October 21, 2017

10.6K
Investigation of Spatial Interaction Between Astrocytes and Neurons in Cleared Brains
05:17

Investigation of Spatial Interaction Between Astrocytes and Neurons in Cleared Brains

Published on: March 31, 2022

2.9K
Intracarotid Cancer Cell Injection to Produce Mouse Models of Brain Metastasis
07:43

Intracarotid Cancer Cell Injection to Produce Mouse Models of Brain Metastasis

Published on: February 8, 2017

28.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Cellular Neuroscience

Background:

  • Brain metastasis incidence outpaces primary brain tumors, posing a significant clinical challenge.
  • Existing therapies often control systemic disease better than brain lesions, leading to poor prognoses.
  • Understanding cancer cell adaptation within the central nervous system (CNS) is crucial for developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of reactive astrocytes in brain metastasis.
  • To explore signaling pathways and interactions between astrocytes and cancer cells.
  • To identify therapeutic strategies targeting the brain metastatic niche.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on brain metastasis and astrocyte biology.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involved in astrocyte-cancer cell communication.
  • Discussion of potential therapeutic implications.

Main Results:

  • Astrocytes are a key host cell type interacting with metastatic cells in the brain.
  • Reactive astrocytes alter their phenotype and influence cancer cell outcomes.
  • Specific signaling pathways mediate astrocyte-cancer cell interactions within the CNS.

Conclusions:

  • Reactive astrocytes play a critical role in the brain metastatic microenvironment.
  • Targeting astrocyte-cancer cell communication pathways offers potential for novel brain metastasis therapies.
  • Further research into the brain metastatic niche can lead to improved patient outcomes.