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Related Concept Videos

Resistors In Series01:10

Resistors In Series

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A resistor is an ohmic device that limits the flow of charge in a circuit. Most circuits have more than one resistor. If several resistors are connected together and connected to a battery, the current supplied by the battery depends on the equivalent resistance of the circuit. The equivalent resistance of a combination of resistors depends on both their individual values and how they are connected. The simplest combination of resistors is the series combination. 
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Series Resonance01:17

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The RLC circuit impedance is defined as the ratio of the supply voltage to the circuit current. Resonance in such a circuit occurs when the imaginary part of this impedance equals zero. This specific condition means that the inductive reactance is exactly equal to the capacitive reactance. The frequency at which this happens is known as the resonant frequency. Mathematically, the resonant frequency is inversely proportional to the square root of the product of the inductance (L) and capacitance...
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Series and Parallel Capacitors01:14

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Capacitors, fundamental components in electronic circuits, can be connected in series and/or parallel configurations. Each configuration has different impacts on the overall behavior of the circuit.
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Trigonometric Fourier series01:17

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Fourier series is a foundational mathematical technique that decomposes periodic functions into an infinite series of sinusoidal harmonics. This method enables the representation of complex periodic signals as sums of simple sine and cosine functions, facilitating their analysis and interpretation in various fields, including signal processing, acoustics, and electrical engineering.
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Convergence of Fourier Series01:21

Convergence of Fourier Series

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The Fourier series is a powerful mathematical tool for representing periodic signals as an infinite sum of complex exponentials. In practice, this infinite series is truncated to a finite number of terms, yielding a partial sum. This truncation makes the approximation of the signal feasible but introduces certain challenges, particularly near discontinuities, known as the Gibbs phenomenon.
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Series R—L Circuit Transients01:22

Series R—L Circuit Transients

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In a series resistor-inductor (R-L) circuit, closing the switch at the start of the time period simulates a three-phase short circuit, a fault condition where all three phases of an unloaded synchronous machine are short-circuited. When there is no fault impedance and no initial current, the initial voltage is determined by the phase angle of the source voltage.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

A Procedure to Study the Effect of Prolonged Food Restriction on Heroin Seeking in Abstinent Rats
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Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: Twins Case Series.

Rajesh Pandey1, Narmada Pandey Sapkota2, Deepak Kumar3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|January 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Twin studies suggest environmental factors may play a significant role in Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) severity. Concordance in withdrawal severity between twins indicates a potential environmental influence on NAS development and progression.

Keywords:
determinants of neonatal abstinence syndromedizygotic twinsgeneticintrauterine opioid exposuremonozygotic twinsneonatal abstinence syndromenewbornseverity of neonatal abstinence syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Genetics
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Opioid use during pregnancy poses risks for maternal and neonatal health, including Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS).
  • The relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to NAS severity are not fully understood.
  • Twin studies offer a unique model to investigate the heritability of complex conditions like NAS.

Observation:

  • This case series reviewed outcomes for newborn twins exposed to substances, focusing on NAS severity.
  • Seven sets of twins (one monozygotic, six dizygotic) were analyzed.
  • NAS severity and treatment requirements were compared between co-twins.

Findings:

  • Five of seven twin sets demonstrated concordance in NAS severity, with two sets showing discordance.
  • Concordance in withdrawal severity suggests a potential environmental influence on NAS.
  • The limited number of monozygotic twins restricts definitive conclusions on genetic roles.

Implications:

  • Findings suggest environmental factors significantly influence NAS severity, warranting further investigation.
  • Larger twin studies are needed to elucidate the interplay of genetic and environmental factors in NAS pathogenesis.
  • Understanding these factors can inform targeted interventions and improve neonatal outcomes.