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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

21.4K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
21.4K
Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

3.6K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
3.6K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

6.5K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
6.5K
Ideal Solutions02:24

Ideal Solutions

22.8K
According to Raoult’s law, the partial vapor pressure of a solvent in a solution is equal or identical to the vapor pressure of the pure solvent multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution. However, Raoult's Law is only valid for ideal solutions. For a solution to be ideal, the solvent-solute interaction must be just as strong as a solvent-solvent or solute-solute interaction. This suggests that both the solute and the solvent would use the same amount of energy to escape to the...
22.8K
General Properties of Solutions02:12

General Properties of Solutions

36.2K
Many common substances around us exist as a solution, such as ocean water, air, and gasoline. All solutions are mixtures of substances that are composed of varying amounts of two or more types of atoms or molecules. A mixture with a non-uniform composition is a heterogeneous mixture, whereas a mixture with a uniform composition is a homogeneous mixture. The components that make the homogeneous mixture are evenly spread out and thoroughly mixed. 
36.2K
Solution Formation02:16

Solution Formation

38.2K
There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
This selective...
38.2K

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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Substantiating Appropriate Motion Capture Techniques for the Assessment of Nordic Walking Gait and Posture in Older Adults
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Changes in colloid solution sales in Nordic countries.

U E Kongsgaard1,2, A Holtan1,3, A Perner4

  • 1Department of Anaesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
|January 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Colloid fluid use in Nordic countries decreased by 56%, driven by a 92% drop in hydroxyl-ethyl-starch (HES) solutions. Albumin sales rose 46%, but patterns varied significantly across nations.

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Health Policy

Background:

  • Resuscitation fluid choice is debated in critical care.
  • Hydroxyl-ethyl-starch (HES) solutions face official warnings.
  • Nordic guidelines recommend crystalloids over colloids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze colloid fluid usage patterns in Nordic countries between 2012 and 2016.
  • To assess the impact of guidelines and warnings on fluid selection.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized pharmaceutical sales data from companies across Nordic countries.
  • Analyzed sales figures from pharmaceutical companies to pharmacies and health institutions.

Main Results:

  • Total colloid sales in Nordic countries declined by 56% over five years.
  • Hydroxyl-ethyl-starch (HES) solution sales decreased by 92%.
  • Albumin sales increased by 46%, with inter-country variations observed.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced colloid use aligns with recommendations for specialized circumstances.
  • The significant drop in HES sales reflects safety concerns and official warnings.
  • Increased albumin sales and inter-country variations in fluid use require further investigation.