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Related Concept Videos

π Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Cation and Anion01:18

π Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Cation and Anion

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An allyl group is a three-carbon conjugated system where the sp³-hybridized allylic carbon is bonded to a CH=CH2 group via a single bond. Allyl anions can be obtained by treating propene with a strong base that can deprotonate methyl groups. Allyl cations are formed as intermediates during substitution reactions involving allylic halides. In both cases, the hybridization of the allylic carbon changes from sp3 to sp2, giving rise to a carbon chain with three sp2-hybridized carbons, each with...
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π Molecular Orbitals of 1,3-Butadiene01:24

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Conjugated dienes have lower heats of hydrogenation than cumulated and isolated dienes, making them more stable. The enhanced stabilization of conjugated systems can be understood from their π molecular orbitals.
The simplest conjugated diene is 1,3-butadiene: a four-carbon system where each carbon is sp2-hybridized and has an unhybridized p orbital that contains an unpaired electron. According to molecular orbital theory, atomic orbitals combine to form molecular orbitals such that the number...
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π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

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An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
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π Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Radical01:27

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Allyl radicals are three-carbon conjugated systems. They are readily formed as intermediates in halogenation reactions of alkenes involving the addition of halogen to the allylic carbon instead of the double bond. As seen in allyl cations and anions, each of the three sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in allyl radicals has an unhybridized p orbital. These orbitals combine to give three π molecular orbitals.
The allyl systems have identical molecular orbitals but differ in the number of π electrons....
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

3.9K
Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
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Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
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High-Performance pH-Switchable Supramolecular Thermosets via Cation-π Interactions.

Guanjun Chang1, Li Yang1, Junxiao Yang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Energy Materials & School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|January 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed high-performance supramolecular thermosets using cation-π interactions for stiff materials. These advanced polymers exhibit excellent mechanical properties and stimuli-responsive functions like recyclability and healability.

Keywords:
cation-π interactionshigh-performance polymersrecyclabilitythermosets

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Supramolecular chemistry offers versatile solutions for intelligent soft materials.
  • Current supramolecular approaches are not applicable to stiff material design.
  • Intelligent stiff materials with tunable properties are highly desirable for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel concept for designing high-performance supramolecular thermosets.
  • To utilize noncovalent cation-π interactions as a cross-linking mechanism in stiff polymers.
  • To impart stimuli-responsive functionalities to these advanced thermosets.

Main Methods:

  • Design and synthesis of supramolecular thermosets utilizing cation-π interactions.
  • Characterization of mechanical properties at elevated temperatures (>300 °C).
  • Investigation of reversible cross-linking using pH-controlled aqueous treatments.

Main Results:

  • Developed infusible and insoluble stiff polymers with excellent mechanical performance.
  • Demonstrated high thermal stability exceeding 300 °C.
  • Achieved local and reversible control over cross-linking via pH stimuli.
  • Exhibited multiple functions including recyclability, healability, and adhesion.

Conclusions:

  • Cation-π interactions provide a viable cross-linking strategy for high-performance supramolecular thermosets.
  • These materials offer a unique combination of stiffness, thermal stability, and stimuli-responsiveness.
  • The developed platform enables tunable material properties and advanced functionalities for future applications.