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Intestinal Dysbiosis Secondary to Proton-Pump Inhibitor Use

Yuji Naito1, Kaori Kashiwagi, Tomohisa Takagi

  • 1Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

Digestion
|January 10, 2018
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) use is linked to gut dysbiosis, increasing risks of infections like Clostridium difficile and inflammatory conditions. Further research is needed to confirm these associations and develop preventative strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) use is associated with gut dysbiosis, potentially leading to infectious and inflammatory adverse events.
  • Observational studies indicate a heightened risk of mortality in patients using PPIs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between PPI use and infectious/inflammatory diseases through meta-analyses.
  • To investigate the impact of PPIs on gut microbiota composition and function.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analyses of existing studies were conducted.
  • High-throughput microbial 16S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to analyze gut microbiome changes.

Main Results:

  • PPI use is associated with increased risk of enteric infections (e.g., Clostridium difficile), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, community-acquired pneumonia, and hepatic encephalopathy.
  • PPI use altered gut microbiota, increasing risk-associated bacteria (Streptococcaceae, Enterococcaceae) and decreasing beneficial anti-inflammatory bacteria (Faecalibacterium).

Conclusions:

  • PPI use presents a potential risk for various infectious and inflammatory conditions.
  • Gut microbiome alterations, including increased pathogenic bacteria and decreased beneficial bacteria, are linked to PPI use.
  • Prospective studies are required to confirm these findings and inform strategies for preventing PPI-related complications.
Keywords:
<italic>Clostridium difficile</italic>DysbiosisFaecalibacteriumProton-pump inhibitorStreptococcaceae

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