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Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
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A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This...
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Cooperative standing-horizontal-standing reentrant transition for numerous solid particles under external vibration.

Satoshi Takatori1, Hikari Baba1, Takatoshi Ichino2

  • 1Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan.

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Plastic particles on a vibrating plate transition between standing and tumbling states. Under specific vibration intensities, particles form dense hexagonal packing, demonstrating a reentrant phase transition and collective dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • Particles on vibrating surfaces exhibit rich collective behaviors.
  • Understanding phase transitions in granular materials is crucial for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the collective dynamics of plastic particles under vertical vibration.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of reentrant phase transitions and pattern formation.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental setup with plastic bolt-like particles on a vibrating plate.
  • Observation of particle states (standing vs. horizontal/tumbling).
  • Analysis of phase segregation and hexagonal dense-packing formation.

Main Results:

  • A single horizontal particle can initiate a cascade, causing neighboring particles to tumble.
  • A reentrant transition to standing states with hexagonal packing occurs at specific vibration intensities.
  • Phase segregation into dense and disperse domains is observed.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals cooperative dynamics driven by a reentrant transition in vibrated granular systems.
  • A simple kinetic model explains the observed collective behavior.
  • Excitable waves are observed in quasi-one-dimensional confinement.