Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Classifying Matter by State02:49

Classifying Matter by State

105.0K
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
105.0K
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

33.4K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
33.4K
Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

Classifying Matter by Composition

91.9K
Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated. 
A mixture is composed of two or...
91.9K
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter02:57

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

167.7K
The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
167.7K
Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation03:12

Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation

41.3K
Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
41.3K
Depressants01:28

Depressants

481
Depressant drugs, including alcohol and sedative-hypnotics, diminish central nervous system activity by enhancing the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces brain activity and promotes relaxation. These substances can have various therapeutic uses but also pose significant risks, especially when misused or combined.
Alcohol is a common depressant that can induce a sense of relaxation and reduced inhibition at low doses. Contrary to its occasional...
481

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Randomized trial comparing 5-year follow-up of first-line infliximab to conventional therapy in paediatric Crohn's disease.

Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association·2026
Same author

Comparison of techniques for the evaluation of taste sensitivity.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Symptom presentation of childbirth-related post-traumatic stress in 31 countries: the INTERSECT study.

Journal of affective disorders·2026
Same author

Inclusive Search for Anomalous Single-Photon Production in MicroBooNE.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

First Search for Dark Sector e^{+}e^{-} Explanations of the MiniBooNE Anomaly at MicroBooNE.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "The associations between paternal postpartum depressive symptoms and testosterone and cortisol levels in hair over the first two years postpartum" [Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 137 (2025) 111245].

Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes
06:32

Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes

Published on: June 5, 2017

7.6K

Size matters - The olfactory bulb as a marker for depression.

F Rottstaedt1, K Weidner1, T Strauß1

  • 1Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|January 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Reduced olfactory bulb (OB) volume may indicate depression. While OB volume showed 68.1% accuracy in diagnosing depression, it was less effective than standard questionnaires.

Keywords:
Diagnostic accuracyOlfactionROC analysisSalience

More Related Videos

Recording Temperature-induced Neuronal Activity through Monitoring Calcium Changes in the Olfactory Bulb of Xenopus laevis
11:08

Recording Temperature-induced Neuronal Activity through Monitoring Calcium Changes in the Olfactory Bulb of Xenopus laevis

Published on: June 3, 2016

7.7K
Ex Vivo Preparations of the Intact Vomeronasal Organ and Accessory Olfactory Bulb
08:59

Ex Vivo Preparations of the Intact Vomeronasal Organ and Accessory Olfactory Bulb

Published on: August 4, 2014

11.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes
06:32

Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes

Published on: June 5, 2017

7.6K
Recording Temperature-induced Neuronal Activity through Monitoring Calcium Changes in the Olfactory Bulb of Xenopus laevis
11:08

Recording Temperature-induced Neuronal Activity through Monitoring Calcium Changes in the Olfactory Bulb of Xenopus laevis

Published on: June 3, 2016

7.7K
Ex Vivo Preparations of the Intact Vomeronasal Organ and Accessory Olfactory Bulb
08:59

Ex Vivo Preparations of the Intact Vomeronasal Organ and Accessory Olfactory Bulb

Published on: August 4, 2014

11.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is linked to brain network alterations in limbic and prefrontal regions.
  • Reduced olfactory sensitivity in depression correlates with decreased olfactory bulb (OB) volume.
  • The study investigates OB volume reduction as a potential specific biomarker for depression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if reduced olfactory bulb (OB) volume is a specific biomarker for depression.
  • To assess the diagnostic accuracy of OB volume for supporting depression diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Structural MRI (spin-echo T2-weighted sequence) was performed on 84 inpatients with mixed mental disorders and 51 healthy controls.
  • Individual OB volume was manually calculated and compared between groups.
  • Multiple regression and Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analyses were employed to assess diagnostic accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Patients showed a 13.5% reduction in OB volume compared to controls.
  • OB volume variation was significantly associated with depression, sex, and age, but not other mental disorders.
  • OB volume achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 68.1% for depression.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory bulb (OB) volume may serve as a potential biomarker for depression.
  • The diagnostic accuracy of OB volume is currently inferior to conventional diagnostic questionnaires.
  • Combining OB volume with other structural or functional measurements may enhance diagnostic utility.