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The amygdala is a small, almond-shaped structure responsible for processing and storing memories, particularly those linked to emotions like fear and stress. It plays an essential role in the brain's response to emotionally significant events and often enhances memory formation by triggering stress hormone release. The amygdala is vital for encoding and retrieving memories associated with fear or stress, a process that is adaptive by helping organisms avoid dangerous situations.
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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
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Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Multiple comparison test, abbreviated as MCT, is a post hoc analysis generally performed after comparing multiple samples with one or more tests. An MCT will help identify a significantly different sample among multiple samples or a factor among multiple factors.
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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Real-time fMRI Biofeedback Targeting the Orbitofrontal Cortex for Contamination Anxiety
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Memory Retention Involves the Ventrolateral Orbitofrontal Cortex: Comparison with the Basolateral Amygdala.

Kelsey S Zimmermann, Chen-Chen Li, Donald G Rainnie

    Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This article corrects a previously published DOI. The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) ensures accurate citation and retrieval of scientific literature.

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    Area of Science:

    • Bibliometrics
    • Scientific Publishing

    Background:

    • Accurate citation is crucial for scientific integrity.
    • Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) are essential for tracking and accessing research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To correct an erroneous DOI associated with a published article.
    • To ensure proper referencing and discoverability of the scientific work.

    Main Methods:

    • Reviewing publication records.
    • Verifying the accuracy of the Digital Object Identifier (DOI).

    Main Results:

    • The correct DOI for the article has been identified.
    • The erroneous DOI has been noted and will be updated in relevant databases.

    Conclusions:

    • Correcting DOIs enhances the reliability of scientific literature.
    • Accurate metadata facilitates efficient scholarly communication.