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Measles virus: Background and oncolytic virotherapy

Sankhajit Bhattacharjee1, Pramod Kumar Yadava1

  • 1Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.

Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports
|January 13, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Measles virus nucleoprotein induces cancer cell death via reactive oxygen species and Caspase 3 activation. This oncotropic virus

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Measles virus (MeV) is a significant cause of childhood mortality globally.
  • The MeV nucleoprotein (N) is crucial for viral RNA encapsidation, protection, and replication.
  • The intrinsically disordered C-terminus of MeV N protein facilitates interactions with host cell proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of MeV nucleoprotein in inducing programmed cell death in human cancer cells.
  • To explore the potential of MeV's oncolytic properties for developing virotherapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of programmed cell death induction in N protein-expressing human cancerous cells.
  • Assessment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and Caspase 3 activation.
  • Review of MeV's interaction with host cell receptors (CD46, SLAM/CD150, PVRL4) and its oncolytic potential.

Main Results:

  • Measles virus nucleoprotein expression triggers programmed cell death in human cancer cells.
  • This cell death is mediated by reactive oxygen species generation and Caspase 3 activation.
  • Measles virus exhibits oncotropism and oncolytic activity through syncytia formation.

Conclusions:

  • Measles virus nucleoprotein plays a key role in inducing cancer cell apoptosis.
  • The oncolytic properties of measles virus present a promising avenue for developing novel virotherapeutics.
  • Further research into MeV-based virotherapy could lead to new cancer treatment strategies.
Keywords:
CD46 (cluster of differentiation 46)Edmonston vaccine strainMeasles virusOncotropic and oncolytic virusesSyncytia

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