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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Optimization of the Ugi Reaction Using Parallel Synthesis and Automated Liquid Handling
Published on: November 11, 2008
Two-Step Macrocycle Synthesis by Classical Ugi Reaction
Eman M M Abdelraheem1,2, Samad Khaksar1, Katarzyna Kurpiewska3
1Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen , A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
Abstract:
The direct nonpeptidic macrocycle synthesis of α-isocyano-ω-amines via the classical Ugi four-component reaction (U-4CR) is introduced. Herein an efficient and flexible two-step procedure to complex macrocycles is reported. In the first step, the reaction between unprotected diamines and isocyanocarboxylic acids gives high diversity of unprecedented building blocks in high yield. In the next step, the α-isocyano-ω-amines undergo a U-4CR with high diversity of aldehydes and carboxylic acids in a one-pot procedure. This synthetic approach is short and efficient and leads to a wide range of macrocycles with different ring sizes.
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