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    Area of Science:

    • Optical engineering
    • Information theory
    • Cryptography

    Background:

    • Quick Response (QR) codes are widely used as data carriers in optical cryptosystems.
    • Error-correction coding in QR codes aims to ensure noise-free decryption.
    • Reed-Solomon coding is the standard error-correction algorithm in QR codes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the suitability of Reed-Solomon coding in QR codes for optical cryptosystems with nonlocally distributed speckle noise.
    • To propose a new metric, average channel capacity, for assessing data storage and noise resistance.
    • To develop and validate an alternative 2D barcode scheme for improved performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Information coding perspective analysis of Reed-Solomon algorithm's limitations with speckle noise.
    • Introduction of average channel capacity as a performance evaluation metric.
    • Design and numerical simulation of a novel 2D barcode scheme utilizing Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) coding.

    Main Results:

    • Reed-Solomon coding in QR codes is suboptimal for optical cryptosystems experiencing speckle noise.
    • The proposed average channel capacity effectively measures data storage and noise resistance.
    • The BCH-based 2D barcode scheme exhibited significantly higher average channel capacity compared to QR codes in simulations.

    Conclusions:

    • The standard Reed-Solomon coding in QR codes presents limitations for optical cryptosystems susceptible to speckle noise.
    • Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) coding offers a more robust alternative for 2D barcode schemes in such applications.
    • The findings suggest a shift towards BCH-based designs for enhanced optical cryptosystem security and reliability.