Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

5.6K
How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...
5.6K
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

33.9K
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
33.9K
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.9K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
3.9K
What is Metabolism?00:52

What is Metabolism?

132.7K
Overview
132.7K
Dietary Connections01:23

Dietary Connections

62.3K
In biological systems, most metabolic pathways are interconnected. The cellular respiration processes that convert glucose to ATP—such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle—tie into those that break down other organic compounds. As a result, various foods—from apples to cheese to guacamole—end up as ATP. In addition to carbohydrates, food also contains proteins and lipids—such as cholesterol and fats. All of these organic compounds are used...
62.3K
Introduction to Connective Tissues01:11

Introduction to Connective Tissues

15.6K
Connective tissues are one of the four main tissue types in humans that are extensively present in the body. They are characterized by cells embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of a ground substance and three main types of protein fibers— collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. The ground substance of connective tissues can range from a watery and jelly-like consistency to mineralized and hard. The wide variety of cells in the connective tissues include fibroblasts,...
15.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

T<sub>FH</sub> cell programs by pathogen and species.

Nature immunology·2025
Same author

Discovering effector domains in human transcription factors.

Trends in immunology·2023
Same author

Tipping the balance in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells.

Nature immunology·2023
Same author

One degree of separation: urgent questions surrounding new USA laws in women's healthcare.

Trends in immunology·2022
Same author

Topologically associating domains are disrupted by evolutionary genome rearrangements forming species-specific enhancer connections in mice and humans.

Cell reports·2022
Same author

Conservation and divergence in gene regulation between mouse and human immune cells deserves equal emphasis.

Trends in immunology·2021
Same journal

The Neuroimmune Circuitry of Peripheral Sensory Neuron Subtypes in Chronic Pain.

Annual review of immunology·2026
Same journal

The Spectrum of Fibroblast Immune Biology.

Annual review of immunology·2026
Same journal

The Molecular Logic of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Class Switch Recombination.

Annual review of immunology·2026
Same journal

Decoding Human T Cell Immunity with Artificial Intelligence and Single-Cell Genomics.

Annual review of immunology·2026
Same journal

Immune Niches in Cancer.

Annual review of immunology·2026
Same journal

T Cell Receptor Signaling and Immune Tolerance: From Autoimmunity to Cancer Immunity.

Annual review of immunology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues
13:03

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues

Published on: June 3, 2016

8.6K

Connections Between Metabolism and Epigenetics in Programming Cellular Differentiation.

Danielle A Chisolm1, Amy S Weinmann1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA; email: dchisolm@uab.edu , weinmann@uab.edu.

Annual Review of Immunology
|January 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metabolic states profoundly impact cell differentiation by altering epigenetic states. Key metabolites regulate these epigenetic changes, influencing crucial processes like T cell differentiation and potentially leading to altered programming in disease environments.

Keywords:
ES cellsT cell differentiationacetyl-CoAeffector T cellsembryonic stem cellsepigeneticsglutaminolysisglycolysismemory T cellsmetabolismone-carbon metabolismα-ketoglutarateαKG

More Related Videos

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

7.0K
Autofluorescence Imaging to Evaluate Cellular Metabolism
07:36

Autofluorescence Imaging to Evaluate Cellular Metabolism

Published on: November 15, 2021

5.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues
13:03

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues

Published on: June 3, 2016

8.6K
Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

7.0K
Autofluorescence Imaging to Evaluate Cellular Metabolism
07:36

Autofluorescence Imaging to Evaluate Cellular Metabolism

Published on: November 15, 2021

5.3K

Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Metabolism

Background:

  • Cell differentiation is a complex process influenced by various cellular states.
  • Epigenetic modifications play a crucial role in regulating differentiation programs.
  • Metabolites are increasingly recognized for their role in modulating epigenetic states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which metabolic states influence cell differentiation.
  • To define how metabolite fluctuations impact epigenetic states governing differentiation.
  • To explore these mechanisms in the context of T cell differentiation and embryonic stem cells.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on metabolism, epigenetics, and cell differentiation.
  • Analysis of the roles of specific metabolites (e.g., S-adenosylmethionine, acetyl-CoA) in epigenetic modifications.
  • Comparison of findings from embryonic stem cells and specialized CD4+ T cells.

Main Results:

  • Metabolites act as critical donors, substrates, cofactors, and antagonists for epigenetic modifiers.
  • Nutrient metabolism pathways (glycolysis, glutaminolysis, one-carbon metabolism) regulate metabolite levels influencing epigenetics.
  • Mechanistic principles observed in embryonic stem cells are relevant to T cell differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic states are key regulators of epigenetic programming during cell differentiation.
  • Understanding these metabolic-epigenetic links is crucial for comprehending T cell development and function.
  • Dysregulated metabolic environments, such as the tumor microenvironment, can significantly alter cellular programming events.