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Do Muscles Constrain Skull Shape Evolution in Strepsirrhines?

Anne-Claire Fabre1, Jonathan M G Perry2, Adam Hartstone-Rose3

  • 1UMR 7179, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 75005 Paris, France.

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PubMed
Summary

Masticatory muscles significantly impact primate skull and mandible shape, with stronger effects on the mandible. Co-variation patterns reveal distinct evolutionary pathways for diet, such as folivory and hard-object feeding.

Keywords:
adaptationmasticatory systemmuscleprimatesvertebrates

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Area of Science:

  • Primate anatomy
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Musculoskeletal relationships in primate masticatory systems are not fully understood.
  • Understanding muscle-bone interplay is crucial for interpreting skeletal morphology.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated these complex relationships in strepsirrhine primates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of masticatory muscles on cranial and mandibular shape in strepsirrhine primates.
  • To analyze the co-variation between masticatory muscles and skeletal shape.
  • To explore phylogenetic influences on these relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 3D geometric morphometrics to analyze skull and mandible shape in 20 strepsirrhine species.
  • Employed non-phylogenetic and phylogenetic regressions to assess muscle impacts.
  • Applied two-blocks partial least square (2B-PLS) and its phylogenetic version for co-variation analysis.

Main Results:

  • A significant phylogenetic signal was detected for both skull shape and masticatory muscles.
  • Masticatory muscles have a notable impact on cranial shape, but a greater impact on mandibular shape.
  • Co-variations between muscles and cranial shape were stronger, even after accounting for phylogeny.

Conclusions:

  • Masticatory muscles play a significant role in shaping primate crania and mandibles.
  • Phylogenetic history influences both muscle size and skeletal morphology.
  • Dietary adaptations, like folivory and hard-object feeding, drive distinct muscle-mandible shape associations.