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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

132.5K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
132.5K
Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.9K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
33.9K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.4K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.4K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.3K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.3K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

18.1K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
18.1K
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

88.2K
An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
88.2K

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Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube High-Frequency Nanoelectronic Biosensor for Sensing in High Ionic Strength Solutions
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Electrodialytic in-line preconcentration for ionic solute analysis.

Shin-Ichi Ohira1, Takayuki Yamasaki1, Takumi Koda1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.

Talanta
|January 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces in-line electrodialytic enrichment for faster, more sensitive analysis of ionic solutes. The novel method significantly improves detection limits for trace contaminants in water samples.

Keywords:
Chloroacetic acidsIn-line preconcentrationIonic solutes

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Preconcentration techniques enhance analytical sensitivity for ionic solutes.
  • Current methods are often batchwise, involving time-consuming trapping and elution steps.
  • There is a need for rapid, efficient enrichment methods for trace ionic analytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate an in-line electrodialytic enrichment method for ionic solutes.
  • To demonstrate the method's ability to achieve rapid enrichment and matrix isolation.
  • To improve the sensitivity of analytical techniques like HPLC-UV for trace contaminant determination in water.

Main Methods:

  • In-line electrodialytic enrichment utilizing an electric field for quantitative ion transfer.
  • Varying flow rate ratios between sample and acceptor solutions to control enrichment factors.
  • Application of the method for preconcentrating chloroacetic acids in tap water samples.

Main Results:

  • The electrodialytic method enriches ionic solutes within seconds.
  • Enrichment factors are directly proportional to the flow rate ratio, achieving up to 70 for various ions.
  • The method successfully improved detection limits for trace chloroacetic acids in tap water using HPLC-UV.
  • Standard addition tests showed high recovery rates (94.9-109.6%) in real water samples.

Conclusions:

  • In-line electrodialytic enrichment offers a rapid and effective alternative to traditional batch preconcentration methods.
  • The technique significantly enhances analytical sensitivity and enables the determination of trace contaminants at regulated levels.
  • This method is valuable for improving water quality monitoring and analysis.