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Related Concept Videos

Filtration and Urine Formation01:32

Filtration and Urine Formation

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The function of the kidneys is to filter, reabsorb, secrete, and excrete. Every day the kidneys filter nearly 180 liters of blood, initially removing water and solutes but ultimately returning nearly all filtrates into circulation with the help of osmoregulatory hormones. This process removes wastes and toxins but is also crucial to maintain water and electrolyte levels. Most of these functions are performed by the tiny but numerous nephrons contained within the kidneys.
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Glomerular Filtration: Net Filtration Pressure01:26

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Glomerular filtration, a key process in the kidneys, is regulated by three main pressures: Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (GBHP), Capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP), and Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP).
GBHP, with an average value of 55 mmHg, promotes filtration by pushing water and solutes through the filtration membrane. This is balanced by two opposing forces: CHP, a "back pressure" exerted against the filtration membrane by fluid already in the capsular space and renal...
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Filtration00:53

Filtration

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Filtration is a physical separation process that involves passing a suspension through a porous medium to separate solids from fluids. During filtration, solids collect on the porous medium while liquids, also collectively known as the filtrate, pass through. The filtration medium is selected based on the filtration purpose, quantity, and nature of the precipitate. The general criteria for a suitable filtering medium are that it is inert, mechanically strong, nonabsorbent toward dissolved...
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Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

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Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area.
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Glomerular Filtration01:15

Glomerular Filtration

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The filtration membrane in the renal system is a highly specialized structure essential for filtering blood. It consists of glomerular capillaries and podocytes, forming a selective barrier that permits the passage of water and small solutes while restricting most plasma proteins and blood cells.
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What are Estimates?01:06

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It isn't easy to measure a parameter such as the mean height or the mean weight of a population. So, we draw samples from the population and calculate the mean height or mean weight of the individuals in the sample. This sample data acts as a representative measure of the population parameter. These sample statistics are known as estimates. 
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Transdermal Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Mice
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Novel Filtration Markers for GFR Estimation.

Amy B Karger1, Lesley A Inker2, Josef Coresh3

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

EJIFCC
|January 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

New filtration markers like beta-2-microglobulin and beta-trace-protein show promise for improving estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) accuracy and predicting outcomes in kidney disease patients.

Keywords:
beta-2-microglobulin (B2M)beta-trace protein (BTP)estimated GFRfiltration markersglomerular filtration rate (GFR)metabolomics

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Renal Function Assessment

Background:

  • Current estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) relies heavily on creatinine, facing limitations due to non-GFR determinants.
  • Previous advancements include the CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin C equation, improving accuracy over creatinine alone.
  • Novel filtration markers are needed to enhance GFR estimation precision and reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) and beta-trace-protein (BTP) as filtration markers.
  • To evaluate their role in improving GFR estimation and CKD risk prediction.
  • To explore metabolomics for identifying additional candidate biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on B2M and BTP as filtration markers.
  • Analysis of developed GFR estimating equations incorporating B2M and BTP.
  • Examination of studies linking B2M and BTP to CKD patient outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The CKD-EPI combined BTP-B2M equation shows performance comparable to existing eGFR equations.
  • Both B2M and BTP are associated with adverse outcomes in CKD patients, including cardiovascular events, ESRD, and mortality.
  • Metabolomics approaches are being utilized to discover new filtration biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • B2M and BTP represent promising biomarkers for refining GFR estimation and risk stratification in CKD.
  • Combining multiple filtration markers offers superior accuracy compared to single-marker equations.
  • Further research into novel biomarkers, potentially via metabolomics, is crucial for advancing renal function assessment.