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Sex differences in the late first trimester human placenta transcriptome.

Tania L Gonzalez1, Tianyanxin Sun1, Alexander F Koeppel2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Biology of Sex Differences
|January 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals sex-specific gene expression differences in the first trimester placenta, impacting fetal development and pregnancy outcomes. Understanding these placental gene expression patterns is key for early diagnostics and long-term health.

Keywords:
Chorionic villus samplingFirst trimester placentaPregnancyRNA-sequencingSex differences

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Genomics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Placental development in early pregnancy is crucial for fetal growth.
  • Sex-specific variations in placental development are linked to later pregnancy complications.
  • Gene expression in the first trimester placenta is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the first trimester human placenta transcriptome.
  • To identify sex-specific gene expression differences.
  • To explore the role of these differences in placental function and pregnancy outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • RNA-sequencing of 39 first trimester human placentas (17 female, 22 male).
  • Gene enrichment analysis for canonical pathways and gene ontologies.
  • Differential gene expression analysis using DESeq2 to identify sexually dimorphic genes.

Main Results:

  • Identified 14,250 expressed genes, with chromosome 19 being highly represented.
  • Discovered 58 genes with significant sex-specific expression (X-linked, Y-linked, autosomal).
  • Found X/Y gene pairs involved in fundamental cellular processes, suggesting dosage compensation's role.

Conclusions:

  • This is the first transcriptome characterization of the late first trimester placenta.
  • Sexually dimorphic placental gene expression may influence fetal growth and birth weight.
  • The placenta transcriptome provides a foundation for developing early diagnostic tests for pregnancy health.