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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Method for Measurement of Viral Fusion Kinetics at the Single Particle Level
Published on: September 7, 2009
Image Information Obtained Using a Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Camera During an Immersion Liquid Evaporation Process
Ilpo Niskanen1,2, Veijo Sutinen3, Göran Thungström2
11 Structures and Construction Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Abstract:
The refractive index is a fundamental physical property of a medium, which can be used for the identification and purity issues of all media. Here we describe a refractive index measurement technique to determine simultaneously the refractive index of different solid particles by monitoring the transmittance of light from a suspension using a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. An important feature of the measurement is the liquid evaporation process for the refractive index matching of the solid particle and the immersion liquid; this was realized by using a pair of volatile and non-volatile immersion liquids. In this study, refractive indices of calcium fluoride (CaF2) and barium fluoride (BaF2) were determined using the proposed method.
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