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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Observational Studies01:11

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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement (a unit), and an indication of the uncertainty of the measurement. While the number and unit are explicitly represented when a quantity is written, the uncertainty is an aspect of the errors in the measurement results.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Observational Study Protocol for Repeated Clinical Examination and Critical Care Ultrasonography Within the Simple Intensive Care Studies
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Urinary Retention and Medication Utilization on a Palliative Care Unit: A Retrospective Observational Study.

T Graham Bergstra, Iris Gutmanis, Janette Byrne

    Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy
    |January 17, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Antidopaminergic medications are linked to urinary retention in palliative care patients. Reducing these drugs may resolve retention, suggesting symptom management doesn't need to be hindered by urinary issues.

    Keywords:
    Anticholinergicsantidepressantsantidopaminergicsbenzodiazepinesopioidspalliative care uniturinary retention

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    Area of Science:

    • Palliative Care Medicine
    • Pharmacology
    • Geriatrics

    Background:

    • Urinary retention is a frequent complication in end-of-life care, often exacerbated by medications.
    • Identifying specific drug classes contributing to urinary retention is crucial for optimizing symptom management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between specific classes of medications and urinary retention requiring catheterization in palliative care unit patients.
    • To determine if certain drug classes are more strongly linked to urinary retention than others.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective chart review of 91 palliative care unit patients.
    • Comparison of medication use (opioids, antidopaminergics, benzodiazepines, anticholinergics, antidepressants, calcium channel antagonists, NSAIDs, H1 histamine antagonists) between patients catheterized for urinary retention and those not catheterized.

    Main Results:

    • A statistically significant association was found between antidopaminergic medications and urinary retention.
    • No significant association was observed for other studied drug classes or the total number of medication classes used.
    • All patients utilized multiple classes of potentially retention-causing medications.

    Conclusions:

    • Antidopaminergic medications are a key factor in medication-induced urinary retention in palliative care.
    • Tapering antidopaminergic medications may be an effective strategy for resolving urinary retention.
    • These findings support the continued use of essential symptom-management medications at end-of-life by addressing specific drug-related side effects.