Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of Chloroplasts01:07

Anatomy of Chloroplasts

119.7K
Green algae and plants, including green stems and unripe fruit, harbor chloroplasts—the vital organelles where photosynthesis takes place. In plants, the highest density of chloroplasts is found in the mesophyll cells of leaves.
119.7K
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

4.2K
A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
4.2K
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

17.1K
The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
17.1K
The Anatomy of Chloroplasts01:08

The Anatomy of Chloroplasts

8.4K
Green algae and plants, including green stems and unripe fruit, harbor specialized organelles called chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis. They coordinate both stages of photosynthesis — the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. The light-dependent reactions use sunlight to release oxygen and produce chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, and the light-independent reactions capture CO2 and use ATP and NADPH to produce sugar.
Structure of...
8.4K
Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane01:18

Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane

2.5K
Proteins targeted to the inner chloroplast membrane, or plastid proteins, are transported by two general pathways: the stop-transfer and the re-insertion or post-import pathways. Most plastid proteins carry N-terminal transit sequences and internal import sequences targeting it to the specific chloroplast subcompartment. Proteins targeted by the stop-transfer pathway have internal hydrophobic sequences that inhibit their translocation into the stroma. As a result, these precursors are arrested...
2.5K
Protein Transport to the Outer Chloroplast Membrane01:11

Protein Transport to the Outer Chloroplast Membrane

2.4K
Chloroplast outer membrane proteins encoded by the nucleus are synthesized in the cytosol. Soon after synthesis, they bind cytosolic factors such as 14-3-3 protein and the Hsp70 chaperones that keep these precursors in an unfolded state until their translocation.
Two models describe the mechanism of precursor recognition and entry across the outer membrane through the TOC complex. Model 1 suggests the newly synthesized precursor binds to the TOC receptor 159 and forms a complex.
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Functional network activation during a subtraction task.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Sex-specific cardiometabolic phenotypes in MASLD: 3PM-centric stratification and trajectory mapping for proactive risk assessment.

The EPMA journal·2026
Same author

Food-sensitized children with juvenile colorectal polyps exhibit a distinct mucosal and fecal microbial signature associated with inflammation.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Host transcriptional and microbiome metatranscriptomic changes in soybean plants carrying the insect-pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana as an endophyte.

Journal of invertebrate pathology·2026
Same author

A principal component entropy metric for assessing global synchronicity in EEG signals.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Distal nucleotides affect the rate of stop codon read-through.

Quantitative biology (Beijing, China)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Assembly, Loading, and Alignment of an Analytical Ultracentrifuge Sample Cell
11:36

Assembly, Loading, and Alignment of an Analytical Ultracentrifuge Sample Cell

Published on: November 5, 2009

23.2K

Phylogenomics of tomato chloroplasts using assembly and alignment-free method.

Raúl Martin Amado Cattáneo1,2, Luis Diambra1,2, Andrés Norman McCarthy1,3

  • 1a Facultad de Ciencias Exactas-UNLP , CREG , La Plata , Argentina.

Mitochondrial DNA. Part A, DNA Mapping, Sequencing, and Analysis
|January 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Assembly-free phylogenetics methods can accurately reconstruct tomato chloroplast evolution using whole genome data. High coverage and filtering of low-frequency k-mers are crucial for reliable evolutionary insights.

Keywords:
Assembly and alignment-free methodchloroplastk-mersphylogenomicstomato

More Related Videos

Studying Protein Import into Chloroplasts Using Protoplasts
06:29

Studying Protein Import into Chloroplasts Using Protoplasts

Published on: December 10, 2018

10.4K
High-Throughput Identification of Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato in Tomato using Seedling Flood Assay
06:41

High-Throughput Identification of Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato in Tomato using Seedling Flood Assay

Published on: March 10, 2020

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Assembly, Loading, and Alignment of an Analytical Ultracentrifuge Sample Cell
11:36

Assembly, Loading, and Alignment of an Analytical Ultracentrifuge Sample Cell

Published on: November 5, 2009

23.2K
Studying Protein Import into Chloroplasts Using Protoplasts
06:29

Studying Protein Import into Chloroplasts Using Protoplasts

Published on: December 10, 2018

10.4K
High-Throughput Identification of Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato in Tomato using Seedling Flood Assay
06:41

High-Throughput Identification of Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato in Tomato using Seedling Flood Assay

Published on: March 10, 2020

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Phylogenetics and population genetics traditionally rely on single DNA sequence comparisons.
  • Next-generation sequencing technologies enable large-scale genomic data analysis for evolutionary studies.
  • Assembly-free methods offer efficient distance computation and phylogeny reconstruction from genomic data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the accuracy of an assembly and alignment-free method for chloroplast phylogenetics in tomatoes.
  • To evaluate the impact of genomic data quality and quantity on phylogenetic inference.
  • To reconstruct a comprehensive chloroplast phylogeny for tomato species.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an assembly and alignment-free method for whole genome data analysis.
  • Employed short-read sequencing data from tomato chloroplast genomes.
  • Applied k-mer filtering to remove error-prone data and assessed phylogenetic accuracy under varying coverage.

Main Results:

  • The assembly and alignment-free method successfully reproduced previous phylogenetic findings.
  • High data coverage and effective filtering of low-frequency k-mers are essential for accurate phylogenies.
  • A complete chloroplast phylogeny was generated for selected high-quality tomato genome data.

Conclusions:

  • Assembly-free methods are viable for chloroplast phylogenetics with sufficient genomic data quality and quantity.
  • Filtering erroneous k-mers is critical for robust phylogenetic inference using these methods.
  • The study provides a valuable chloroplast phylogeny for tomato evolutionary research.