Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pressure and Volume in an Adiabatic Process01:27

Pressure and Volume in an Adiabatic Process

3.5K
Free expansion of a gas is an adiabatic process. However, there are few differences between free expansion and adiabatic expansion. During free expansion, no work is done, and there is no change in internal energy. But, for an adiabatic expansion, work is done, and there is a change in internal energy. During an adiabatic process, the relation between the pressure and volume is obtained from the condition for the adiabatic process, that is,
3.5K
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

780
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
780
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

610
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
610
Processes of Self-Presentation01:29

Processes of Self-Presentation

260
Effective self-presentation is a central component of social interaction and identity construction. It relies on the dynamic processes of defining the situation and engaging in self-disclosure. These mechanisms help individuals navigate social context expectations and manage how others perceive them, fostering mutual understanding and relationship development.Defining the SituationSocial situations are shaped by collectively understood frames—a set of widely understood rules or...
260
Isothermal Processes01:21

Isothermal Processes

5.1K
A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature is called an isothermal process. Heat slowly flows into the system or out of the system to maintain thermal equilibrium. Processes involving phase changes like water evaporation into steam or freezing water into ice at a constant temperature are examples of Isothermal Processes.
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...
5.1K
Work Done in an Adiabatic Process01:20

Work Done in an Adiabatic Process

4.3K
Consider the adiabatic compression of an ideal gas in the cylinder of an automobile diesel engine. The gasoline vapor is injected into the cylinder of an automobile engine when the piston is in its expanded position. The temperature, pressure, and volume of the resulting gas-air mixture are 20 °C, 1.00 x 105 N/m2, and 240 cm3 , respectively. The mixture is then compressed adiabatically to a volume of 40 cm3. Note that, in the actual operation of an automobile engine, the compression is not...
4.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Depletion of Neurocan in the Prefrontal Cortex Impairs Temporal Order Recognition, Cognitive Flexibility and Perisomatic GABAergic Innervation.

Cellular and molecular neurobiology·2026
Same author

Artificial intelligence directed computational protein design: lessons from COVID-19 for pandemic-ready vaccines and antibody therapeutics.

Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques·2026
Same author

Epidemiology and Clinical Profile of Brachial Plexus Injuries in Semi-Urban Punjab: Insights From a Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Care Center.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Bacteriological Profiles of Post-mortem Blood Cultures and Their Relationship to the Cause of Death: A Study of 100 Autopsies.

Cureus·2026
Same author

High-Quality Agar Polysaccharide from Unexplored <i>Gelidium micropterum</i> Kützing Biomass.

Polymers·2025
Same author

Intra-articular Migration of a Broken Needle in an Intravenous Drug User: A Case Report and Surgical Management.

Cureus·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Automated Counterflow Centrifugal System for Small-Scale Cell Processing
04:49

Automated Counterflow Centrifugal System for Small-Scale Cell Processing

Published on: December 12, 2019

9.8K

A Small-Scale Process for Predicting Donnan and Volume Exclusion Effects During Ultrafiltration/Diafiltration Process

Jeff Abel1, Andrew Kosky2, Nicole Ball1

  • 1Drug Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|January 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Accurate protein formulation during ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF) is crucial. This study introduces a small-scale system to precisely determine protein charge, improving UF/DF process predictability for high-concentration protein solutions.

Keywords:
HPLCIgG antibodybiotechnologyexcipientsprotein formulationthermodynamics

More Related Videos

Protein Digestion, Ultrafiltration, and Size Exclusion Chromatography to Optimize the Isolation of Exosomes from Human Blood Plasma and Serum
09:22

Protein Digestion, Ultrafiltration, and Size Exclusion Chromatography to Optimize the Isolation of Exosomes from Human Blood Plasma and Serum

Published on: April 13, 2018

17.4K
An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing
04:30

An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing

Published on: October 25, 2019

6.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Automated Counterflow Centrifugal System for Small-Scale Cell Processing
04:49

Automated Counterflow Centrifugal System for Small-Scale Cell Processing

Published on: December 12, 2019

9.8K
Protein Digestion, Ultrafiltration, and Size Exclusion Chromatography to Optimize the Isolation of Exosomes from Human Blood Plasma and Serum
09:22

Protein Digestion, Ultrafiltration, and Size Exclusion Chromatography to Optimize the Isolation of Exosomes from Human Blood Plasma and Serum

Published on: April 13, 2018

17.4K
An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing
04:30

An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing

Published on: October 25, 2019

6.1K

Area of Science:

  • Biopharmaceutical Process Development
  • Protein Formulation Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF) is vital for protein purification and formulation.
  • Existing methods for predicting concentration differences during UF/DF are limited by inaccurate protein charge estimations.
  • Excipient and buffer concentration shifts occur between retentate and permeate during UF/DF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a small-scale system for accurate protein charge determination.
  • To improve the predictability of buffer and excipient concentrations in UF/DF operations.
  • To enable precise formulation of high-concentration protein solutions.

Main Methods:

  • A small-scale system was designed to measure buffer and excipient concentrations.
  • Donnan and volume exclusion equations were applied using measured values.
  • A standard curve was generated from small-scale system data.
  • Results were validated against at-scale UF/DF operations for two antibodies.

Main Results:

  • The small-scale system accurately determined protein charge, leading to reliable standard curves.
  • Standard curves improved prediction of buffer concentrations and pH during UF/DF compared to theoretical protein charge.
  • The model accurately predicted formulation pH and buffer concentration variations.
  • Effective prediction was demonstrated for high-concentration protein formulations (>100 mg/mL).

Conclusions:

  • The developed small-scale system accurately determines protein charge, enhancing UF/DF predictability.
  • This method is crucial for precise formulation of high-concentration protein solutions.
  • The system's low material requirements benefit early-stage process development.