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Rhinovirus in Febrile Infants and Risk of Bacterial Infection

Anne J Blaschke1, E Kent Korgenski2,3, Jacob Wilkes3

  • 1Departments of Pediatrics, anne.blaschke@hsc.utah.edu.

Pediatrics
|January 19, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Human rhinovirus (HRV) in febrile infants does not increase urinary tract infection risk. HRV detection may indicate a lower risk of invasive bacterial infection in infants aged 29-90 days.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Febrile infants with viral infections generally have a lower risk of bacterial infections.
  • The specific risk of bacterial infection in infants with human rhinovirus (HRV) has not been well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between HRV detection and the risk of bacterial infection in febrile infants.
  • To determine if HRV influences the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) or invasive bacterial infections (IBIs) in infants.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study identified febrile infants (1-90 days old) who underwent respiratory viral PCR testing.
  • Relative risk (RR) of bacterial infection was calculated for infants with HRV, other viruses, or no virus detected.
  • Data were collected from 22 hospitals between 2007 and 2016.

Main Results:

  • Of 10,964 infants, 4,037 had viral testing, with 2,212 positive for a virus, including 1,392 for HRV.
  • Bacterial infections occurred in 9.5% of infants; HRV-positive infants had a higher risk of bacterial infection (7.8% vs 3.7%) compared to non-HRV virus-positive infants.
  • HRV detection did not significantly alter UTI risk at any age or IBI risk in infants 1-28 days old, but was associated with decreased IBI risk in infants 29-90 days old (RR 0.52).

Conclusions:

  • Human rhinovirus is a common finding in febrile infants.
  • HRV detection does not increase the risk of UTIs or IBIs in young infants (1-28 days).
  • HRV may be a relevant factor when assessing IBI risk in infants aged 29-90 days.
Abstract

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