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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Phases of Wound Repair01:28

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Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among resident skin cells, blood mononuclear cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines to complete the healing cascade.
Formation of Blood Clot
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Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
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Noncoding RNAs in Wound Healing: A New and Vast Frontier.

Anna Luan1, Michael S Hu1,2, Tripp Leavitt1

  • 1Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.

Advances in Wound Care
|January 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, are key regulators in wound healing. Understanding these molecules offers new therapeutic targets for chronic wounds and scars.

Keywords:
RNAgene expressionlncRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Wound healing is a complex process not fully understood, limiting current therapies for chronic wounds and scars.
  • Gene-based therapeutics primarily focus on protein-coding genes, overlooking other regulatory mechanisms.
  • Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as crucial gene expression modulators in various cellular pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significant role of noncoding RNAs in modulating gene expression during wound healing.
  • To explore the potential of ncRNAs as therapeutic targets for improving wound healing and scar prevention.
  • To discuss the current challenges and future directions in ncRNA-based wound healing research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advances in noncoding RNA research related to wound healing.
  • Analysis of the involvement of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in key wound healing processes.
  • Examination of the regulatory interactions between ncRNAs and their targets in cutaneous biology.

Main Results:

  • Noncoding RNAs regulate critical aspects of wound healing, including angiogenesis, cell migration, and proliferation.
  • ncRNAs are implicated in nearly all stages of the wound healing process.
  • These molecules offer a new layer of gene regulation beyond protein-coding genes.

Conclusions:

  • Noncoding RNAs represent promising therapeutic targets for enhancing wound healing and reducing scarring.
  • Further research is needed to fully characterize ncRNA interactions and functions for clinical application.
  • Advancements in in vivo technologies for modulating ncRNAs hold potential for novel wound healing therapies.