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Related Concept Videos

Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
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Cancer Prevention02:59

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Skin Cancer01:30

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia
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The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia

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Cancer-associated cachexia.

Vickie E Baracos1, Lisa Martin2, Murray Korc3

  • 1Division of Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2 Alberta, Canada.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|January 19, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer-associated cachexia involves significant weight loss, particularly muscle and fat, driven by reduced intake and metabolic changes. Current treatments focus on nutrition, with new anti-catabolic drugs under investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Metabolic Medicine
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Cancer-associated cachexia is a complex wasting syndrome characterized by loss of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.
  • It results from reduced food intake and altered metabolism, including increased energy expenditure, catabolism, and inflammation.
  • Cachexia is prevalent in major cancers like pancreatic, lung, and bowel, contributing significantly to cancer mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted nature of cancer-associated cachexia.
  • To outline the underlying mechanisms and associated morbidities.
  • To discuss current therapeutic approaches and future directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cancer-associated cachexia.
  • Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms including inflammation, proteolysis, autophagy, and lipolysis.
  • Examination of clinical impact on patients and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Cachexia involves diverse mediators from cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment.
  • Tissue-level mechanisms include inflammation, proteolysis, autophagy, and lipolysis.
  • It leads to functional, metabolic, and immune disorders, impacting quality of life and treatment outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • No definitive medical intervention currently reverses cachexia; nutritional support is primary.
  • Investigational drugs target catabolic processes, cell injury, and inflammation.
  • Further research is needed for effective cachexia management in cancer patients.