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Mechanical feedback coordinates cell wall expansion and assembly in yeast mating morphogenesis.

Samhita P Banavar1,2, Carlos Gomez2,3, Michael Trogdon4

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Cellular growth requires coordinated mechanics and expansion. Mechanical feedback, involving cell wall stress sensors, stabilizes mating projection growth in yeast without altering cell shape.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Cell shaping relies on coordinated cell mechanics and growth.
  • The mechanism linking cell wall mechanical state to molecular assembly processes remains unclear.
  • Understanding this link is crucial for morphogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of mechanical feedback in coordinating cell wall assembly and expansion.
  • To determine how mechanical information is relayed to cell wall synthesis pathways.
  • To elucidate the contribution of mechanical feedback to mating projection growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of cell wall mechanics and growth.
  • Experimental manipulation of osmotic pressure and cell wall properties.
  • Genetic analysis involving deletion of cell wall stress sensor genes (Wsc1, Mid2).

Main Results:

  • Mechanical feedback involving the Cell Wall Integrity pathway stabilizes mating projection growth.
  • Cell wall stress sensors (Wsc1, Mid2) activate cell wall synthases (Fks1/2) in response to cell wall expansion.
  • Perturbations and genetic modifications supported the theoretical predictions of mechanical feedback's role.
  • Cell shape and size were found to be insensitive to this mechanical feedback.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical feedback is essential for stabilizing mating projection growth in budding yeast.
  • The Cell Wall Integrity pathway and its sensors play a key role in this feedback loop.
  • While essential for growth stability, this feedback mechanism does not dictate overall cell shape or size.