Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

33.9K
The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
33.9K
Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

25.0K
Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
25.0K
Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

27.2K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
27.2K
The Fossil Record02:56

The Fossil Record

27.5K
The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
27.5K
Plant Tissue Culture02:57

Plant Tissue Culture

40.8K
Plant tissue culture is widely used in both primary and applied science. Applications range from plant development studies to functional gene studies, crop improvement, commercial micropropagation, virus elimination, and conservation of rare species.
40.8K
Nuclear Fission02:50

Nuclear Fission

12.6K
Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
12.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Janssen effect in submerged granular columns.

Soft matter·2025
Same author

Designing Leidenfrost Puddles.

Physical review letters·2024
Same author

Disordering two-dimensional magnet-particle configurations using bidispersity.

The Journal of chemical physics·2023
Same author

Structural relaxation, dynamical arrest, and aging in soft-sphere liquids.

The Journal of chemical physics·2022
Same author

Triple Leidenfrost Effect: Preventing Coalescence of Drops on a Hot Plate.

Physical review letters·2021
Same author

Air entrainment and granular bubbles generated by a jet of grains entering water.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Research and Development of High-performance Explosives
10:33

Research and Development of High-performance Explosives

Published on: February 20, 2016

18.3K

Craters produced by explosions in a granular medium.

F Pacheco-Vázquez1, A Tacumá1, J O Marston2

  • 1Instituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apartado Postal J-48, Puebla 72570, Mexico.

Physical Review. E
|January 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Explosions on granular beds create craters with unique surface features and scaling laws, differing from impact craters. Ejecta curtains expand like underground explosion shock waves.

More Related Videos

Minimum Burning Pressures of Water-based Emulsion Explosives
08:35

Minimum Burning Pressures of Water-based Emulsion Explosives

Published on: October 31, 2017

8.8K
Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers
08:51

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers

Published on: August 18, 2017

11.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Research and Development of High-performance Explosives
10:33

Research and Development of High-performance Explosives

Published on: February 20, 2016

18.3K
Minimum Burning Pressures of Water-based Emulsion Explosives
08:35

Minimum Burning Pressures of Water-based Emulsion Explosives

Published on: October 31, 2017

8.8K
Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers
08:51

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers

Published on: August 18, 2017

11.0K

Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Physics of granular materials
  • Explosion dynamics

Background:

  • Cratering processes are fundamental in planetary science and geophysics.
  • Understanding crater morphology and scaling laws provides insights into energy transfer and material response.
  • Previous studies often focused on impact cratering or large-scale explosions, with limited comparative analysis at the laboratory scale.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate crater formation from surface explosions on a model granular bed.
  • To analyze crater morphology and compare it with craters from other processes.
  • To determine the scaling laws for crater dimensions with energy and compare ejecta curtain dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled laboratory experiments using a model granular bed subjected to surface explosions.
  • Analysis of crater morphology, including diameter and depth.
  • High-speed imaging to study the ejecta curtain dynamics.
  • Comparison with existing data from large-scale explosions and laboratory-scale impact craters.

Main Results:

  • Craters formed by surface explosions on granular beds exhibit distinct fine surface features compared to impact craters.
  • The scaling exponent for crater diameter and depth with energy was found to be approximately 0.30, consistent with large-scale events, not the 1/4-power law seen in sphere impacts.
  • The expansion of the ejecta curtain followed the same time dependence as shock waves from underground explosions.
  • Early cavity growth in 2D experiments showed similarities to surface explosions on water.

Conclusions:

  • Crater morphology is dependent on the formation mechanism, even at the laboratory scale.
  • The observed scaling law for explosion-generated craters aligns with large-scale events, suggesting a common physical basis.
  • The dynamics of ejecta curtains in granular explosions share similarities with shock wave propagation in other media.