Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Isothermal Processes01:21

Isothermal Processes

5.1K
A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature is called an isothermal process. Heat slowly flows into the system or out of the system to maintain thermal equilibrium. Processes involving phase changes like water evaporation into steam or freezing water into ice at a constant temperature are examples of Isothermal Processes.
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...
5.1K
Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

2.2K
Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
2.2K
Relative Velocity in One Dimension01:10

Relative Velocity in One Dimension

11.1K
The understanding of the concept of reference frames is essential to discuss relative motion in one or more dimensions. When we say that an object has a certain velocity, we must state the velocity with respect to a given reference frame. In most examples, this reference frame has been Earth. For instance, if a statement reads that a person is sitting in a train moving at 10 m/s east, then it implies that the person on the train is moving relative to the surface of Earth at this velocity,...
11.1K
Relative Frequency Histogram01:14

Relative Frequency Histogram

6.5K
The relative frequency depicts the proportion of data points that have each value. The frequency tells the number of data points that have each value. Like the histogram, a relative frequency histogram also has the same shape with a horizontal scale (the x-axis), but the vertical scale (the y-axis) is marked with relative frequencies (percentages of the whole) instead of actual frequencies. A relative frequency histogram is a graphical representation of a frequency distribution where the...
6.5K
Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions01:11

Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions

9.2K
Relative velocity is the velocity of an object as observed from a particular reference frame, or the velocity of one reference frame with respect to another reference frame. The concept of relative velocity can be used to describe motion in two dimensions. Consider a particle P and two reference frames S and S′. The position of the origin of S′ as measured in S is , the position of P as measured in S′ is , and the position of P as measured in S is , which can be evaluated by utilizing...
9.2K
Relative Frequency Distribution00:55

Relative Frequency Distribution

13.8K
A relative frequency distribution is the proportion or fraction of times a value occurs in a data set. To find the relative frequencies, one can divide each frequency by the total number of data points in the sample. It is very similar to a regular frequency distribution, except that instead of reporting how many data values fall in a class, a relative frequency distribution reports the fraction of data values that fall in a class. These fractions or proportions are called relative frequencies...
13.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neural Correlates of Cognitive Gains Induced by Commercially Available Cognitive Training Programs: A Meta-Analysis of Neuroimaging Studies.

Brain sciences·2026
Same author

Study on Mechanical Properties of Adjustable-Ring-Mode Laser Scanning Welding of TA1 Titanium Alloy to 304 Stainless Steel Dissimilar Thin Sheets.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Anger or pride? The effect of overqualification on employees' first job behavior from the perspective of the proactive motivation model.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same author

Integrative approaches to river ecosystem assessment and restoration: a review of methodologies and strategies for coherent implementation.

Environmental monitoring and assessment·2026
Same author

Dose-response effects and mechanistic pathways linking physical exercise to brain volume and cognition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

European review of aging and physical activity : official journal of the European Group for Research into Elderly and Physical Activity·2026
Same author

Engineered tumor-tropic mesenchymal stem cells as targeted therapeutic delivery systems for refractory Ovarian cancer.

Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Isothermal Titration Calorimetry for Measuring Macromolecule-Ligand Affinity
08:45

Isothermal Titration Calorimetry for Measuring Macromolecule-Ligand Affinity

Published on: September 7, 2011

54.2K

Shortcuts to isothermality and nonequilibrium work relations.

Geng Li1, H T Quan2,3, Z C Tu1

  • 1Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.

Physical Review. E
|January 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a "shortcut to isothermality" strategy, enabling finite-rate isothermal transitions. This method yields novel nonequilibrium work relations, including a free-energy difference identity and a Jarzynski-like equality.

More Related Videos

Asymmetric Thermoelectrochemical Cell for Harvesting Low-grade Heat under Isothermal Operation
09:09

Asymmetric Thermoelectrochemical Cell for Harvesting Low-grade Heat under Isothermal Operation

Published on: February 5, 2020

7.7K
Collecting Variable-concentration Isothermal Titration Calorimetry Datasets in Order to Determine Binding Mechanisms
10:04

Collecting Variable-concentration Isothermal Titration Calorimetry Datasets in Order to Determine Binding Mechanisms

Published on: April 7, 2011

13.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Isothermal Titration Calorimetry for Measuring Macromolecule-Ligand Affinity
08:45

Isothermal Titration Calorimetry for Measuring Macromolecule-Ligand Affinity

Published on: September 7, 2011

54.2K
Asymmetric Thermoelectrochemical Cell for Harvesting Low-grade Heat under Isothermal Operation
09:09

Asymmetric Thermoelectrochemical Cell for Harvesting Low-grade Heat under Isothermal Operation

Published on: February 5, 2020

7.7K
Collecting Variable-concentration Isothermal Titration Calorimetry Datasets in Order to Determine Binding Mechanisms
10:04

Collecting Variable-concentration Isothermal Titration Calorimetry Datasets in Order to Determine Binding Mechanisms

Published on: April 7, 2011

13.2K

Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Non-equilibrium Systems

Background:

  • Conventional thermodynamics mandates quasistatic protocols for isothermal processes.
  • Achieving isothermal transitions at finite rates is a significant challenge in non-equilibrium thermodynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and design a strategy for finite-rate isothermal transitions, termed "shortcut to isothermality."
  • To derive novel nonequilibrium work relations using this strategy.
  • To numerically validate these relations in a model system.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a theoretical framework for "shortcut to isothermality."
  • Derivation of three nonequilibrium work relations: a free-energy difference identity, a Jarzynski-like equality, and a dissipated work-time relationship.
  • Numerical simulations of a Brownian particle in a harmonic potential.

Main Results:

  • Successful design of a strategy for finite-rate isothermal transitions.
  • Derivation of three new nonequilibrium work relations.
  • Numerical verification of the derived relations, demonstrating their validity.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed "shortcut to isothermality" provides a viable method for rapid isothermal processes.
  • The derived nonequilibrium work relations offer new insights into energy dissipation and free-energy changes in driven systems.
  • The findings have implications for understanding and controlling non-equilibrium thermodynamic processes.