Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Operation of Laboratory Photobioreactors with Online Growth Measurements and Customizable Light Regimes
Published on: October 28, 2021
Microcanonical Szilárd engines beyond the quasistatic regime
Thiago V Acconcia1, Marcus V S Bonança1
1Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin," Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 777 Rua Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-859, Brazil.
Abstract:
We discuss the possibility of extracting energy from a single thermal bath using microcanonical Szilárd engines operating in finite time. This extends previous works on the topic which are restricted to the quasistatic regime. The feedback protocol is implemented based on linear response predictions of the excess work. It is claimed that the underlying mechanism leading to energy extraction does not violate Liouville's theorem and preserves ergodicity throughout the cycle. We illustrate our results with several examples including an exactly solvable model.
Related Concept Videos
What is Genetic Engineering?
Heat Engines
Whenever we consider heat engines (and associated devices such as refrigerators and heat pumps), we do not use the standard sign convention for heat and work. For convenience, we assume that the symbols Qh, Qc, and W represent only the amounts of heat transferred...
Internal Combustion Engine
First Law of Thermodynamics
Transgenic Organisms
In-vitro Mutagenesis

